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BACA: Situs asing mencuri konten kami Mencari laporan tambahan Jika Anda ingin melihat lebih banyak Laporan Rip-off pada perusahaan ini, cari di sini: Untuk memastikan hasil terbaik dalam pencarian Anda: Simpanlah nama pendeknya sederhana, dan coba yang berbeda Variasi nama Jangan sertakan, S, Inc., Corp, atau LLC di akhir nama Perusahaan. Gunakan hanya bagian firstmain dari sebuah nama untuk mendapatkan hasil terbaik. Cari saja satu nama sekaligus jika Perusahaan memiliki banyak AKA. Laporkan bantaran bantahan Menanggapi laporan ini Apakah Anda pemilik, karyawan atau mantan karyawan dengan informasi negatif atau positif tentang perusahaan atau individu, atau dapatkah Anda memberikan informasi orang dalam pada perusahaan ini Apakah Anda juga merupakan korban dari perusahaan atau individu yang sama Ingin Keadilan Mengarsipkan Laporan Rip-off, bantulah konsumen lain untuk dididik dan jangan biarkan mereka lolos begitu saja Perbaikan Reputasi Anda Punya Laporan yang diajukan terhadap Anda Menyelesaikan masalah dan membangun kembali kepercayaan melalui Program Advokasi Perusahaan kami. Program Advokasi Perusahaan: Cara terbaik untuk mengelola dan memperbaiki reputasi bisnis Anda. Menyembunyikan keluhan negatif hanyalah sebuah Band-Aid. Konsumen ingin melihat bagaimana bisnis mengurus bisnis. Semua bisnis akan mendapatkan keluhan. Bagaimana bisnis tersebut menangani keluhan tersebut adalah apa yang membedakan bisnis yang baik dari bisnis yang buruk. Hapus Laporan Tidak Lebih Baik Lagi Arbitrase untuk membuat catatan lurus SUBMITTED: Minggu, 12 Oktober 2014 DILIHAT: Minggu, 12 Oktober 2014 Saya sangat menyesal mendengar semua masalah yang Anda hadapi di Orlando. Saya pergi ke OTA di Marietta, GA. Saya membayar 25.000 untuk sekolah saya. Saya memiliki kursus lanjutan (untuk kehidupan) di banyak wilayah yaitu forex, komoditas, dll. Saya tidak bekerja untuk OTA Namun, saya akan sangat merekomendasikannya JIKA Anda memiliki pikiran untuk ini. Jika Anda membayar 25 k seperti yang saya lakukan TIDAK. Mengapa Karena jika Anda memiliki pikiran untuk ini maka Anda bisa menemukannya setelah sekitar investasi 7-10k. Jika Anda tidak ada jumlah uang atau kursus yang akan membantu Anda. Saya tidak akan membahas setiap masalah di sini, hanya menyebutkan beberapa fakta singkat. Mereka (TradeStation) menawarkan penggantian biaya kuliah dengan mengembalikan komisi penyebaran Anda untuk setiap perdagangan sampai Anda mencapai total biaya uang sekolah. Saya tidak menggunakan TradeStation Saya tidak suka dibatasi oleh tindakan Dodd Frank jadi platform brokertrading saya ada di Inggris. Anda juga tidak pergi ke sekolah hukum hanya karena seseorang akan membayar Anda kembali untuk itu jika itu merupakan titik penjualan untuk Anda dalam bisnis yang salah. Saya belum pensiun dari pekerjaan saya di firma hukum, ini adalah masa depan saya. Im pedagang di hati dan aku benar-benar menyukainya. Saya telah melakukan trading sejak 2 Maret tahun ini dan saya telah mengembangkan akun saya dengan 400. Sekarang turun menjadi 250 pertumbuhan untuk tahun ini (7 bulan, 10 hari). Thats cara kerjanya, Anda memenangkan beberapa dan kehilangan beberapa. Anda bahkan tidak perlu menang lebih dari yang Anda kalah. Pastikan bahwa ketika Anda kehilangan jumlah standar yang kecil dan keuntungan Anda dalam jumlah yang lebih besar. Saya biasanya memiliki rasio riskreward 4: 1. Cukup katakan ini bukan scam. Pertahankan pertumbuhan 4 Anda dan kurasakan urusanku. Ini bukan skema cepat kaya. Its tentang pendekatan disiplin untuk perdagangan pasar. Jika Anda ingin menjadi kaya cepat merampok bank, Anda mencoba melakukan perdagangan pasar, Anda akan bangkrut dalam waktu singkat. Saya harap ini membantu dan lagi Im sorry kantor Orlando muncul (dari komentar) menjadi tempat yang kurang diminati dengan orang-orang yang kurang dari pengetahuan. Saya telah melihat guru-guru saya mencatat bahwa mereka mencari nafkah. Sebagian besar uang mereka berasal dari perdagangan tidak membayar dari OTA. Saya tahu karena saya memaksa mereka untuk menunjukkannya kepada saya atau saya tidak akan ikut sekolah. Saya ingin memastikan bahwa mereka adalah pedagang yang mengajar dan bukan guru yang terkadang bertransaksi. Semoga hari terberkati dan jika ada pertanyaan, mintalah Laporan RipOff untuk menghubungi Anda. Saya tidak bisa memasukkan email saya ke sini. Setiap orang membutuhkan dorongan untuk tetap bertahan di luar sana, tetap berpegang padanya. Tanggapi laporan ini Apakah Anda pemilik, karyawan atau mantan karyawan dengan informasi negatif atau positif tentang perusahaan atau individu, atau dapatkah Anda memberikan informasi orang dalam pada perusahaan ini OTA sebuah SCAM Tidak Benar-benar PENULIS: Berinvestasi dengan Smart - () YANG DIIZINKAN: Kamis , 08 Mei 2014 POSTED: Kamis, 08 Mei 2014 OK Saya membaca sebagian besar komentar tentang OTA dan saya pikir saya mungkin ingin menawarkan pandangan positif. Saya tidak berhubungan dengan sekolah hanya konsumen biasa. Saya tinggal di Kansas City dan mendengar tentang OTA saat mendengarkan radio pada hari Sabtu saya tertarik dan memanggil mereka kemudian dijadwalkan untuk seminar tersebut. Saat itu jam 7 malam dan ketika saya tiba saya disambut oleh seorang pria yang sangat baik yang membawa saya ke sebuah setup yang baik dengan komputer dan kursi yang sangat nyaman. Seluruh seminar memiliki sekitar 5 orang di sana, mengingat bulan Desember dan malam hari saya terlalu terkejut. Sejak itu saya telah melihat ruang berdiri hanya seminar di tempat yang sama dan donquote memiliki keraguan tentang kehadiran. Omong-omong, ya seminar memang memberi Anda banyak informasi, saya adalah beberapa yang berpengalaman dalam perdagangan dan mengetahui beberapa hal mendasar tapi sebenarnya tidak banyak mengetahui sebagian besar barang yang menurut presenter, saya memahaminya tapi tidak tahu tentang hal itu. Jika Anda telah menghadiri banyak seminar penjualan timeshare seperti yang saya lakukan, istri saya terus mendaftar J, Anda akan tahu sejak awal bahwa ini adalah promosi penjualan, mereka tidak menyembunyikannya atau mengakuinya tidak, itu sekolah karena menangis dengan suara keras, dari Tentu saja mereka ingin Anda mendaftar dan mereka tidak akan memberi Anda info gratis untuk apa-apa, saya tidak akan melakukannya. Dan ya harganya tinggi untuk Pro Trader dasar sekitar 5000 setelah diskon dan mereka menawarkan pembiayaan seperti trade atau junior college whatrsquos salah dengan itu. Jadi saya mendaftar. Sekarang mari berbicara tentang materi dan kurikulum. Pertama, mereka tidak pernah berjanji kepada saya bahwa saya akan menghasilkan jutaan, sebenarnya saya sangat senang dengan hal itu dan membuat diri saya percaya bahwa saya membuat diri saya termotivasi. Kedua, materi itu faktual dan akurat, saya menelitinya secara online dan melalui buku dan dengan meminta para profesional dan benar. Mereka melatih Anda untuk menggunakan analisis Teknikal selain dasar-dasarnya. Mencatat salah dengan itu dan tidak ada informasi yang salah atau tidak akurat dan hasilnya bagus. Instrukturnya memiliki reputasi baik dan memiliki latar belakang investasi dan perdagangan yang kuat dan saya juga meneliti hal itu. Satu-satunya hal yang saya miliki tentang OTA adalah mereka cenderung menyederhanakan keseluruhan proses investasi dan perdagangan. Saya mengerti alasannya, kebanyakan orang di kelas berusia di atas 50 tahun dan kebanyakan dari mereka bukan investor cerdas atau analis keuangan. Bahannya harus sederhana. Juga kelas satu minggu terlalu singkat untuk dipelajari, dicerna dan menerapkan informasi ini hampir keseluruhan semester kuliah berderak dalam 9 jam seminggu, kelebihan beban. Selain itu, bisnis ini memerlukan penggunaan ekstensif perangkat lunak yang rumit dan rumit, TradeStation atau AMP atau Ninja Trader. Jika siswa bukan orang komputer, ini akan mudah dan Anda perlu kembali ke sekolah dan duduk bersama instruktur dan BELAJAR BAGAIMANA MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK atau Anda akan kehilangan banyak uang. Saya telah berhubungan dengan teman sekelas saya dan banyak berjuang melalui perangkat lunak platform trading. Jadi jika Anda tidak bisa berurusan dengan komputer atau tidak hebat, gunakan metode tradisional dan lewati OTA. TAPI hal yang baik, yang sebagian besar komentator lupa disebutkan, adalah bahwa Anda dapat mengambil kelas yang sama berulang-ulang sampai Anda mendapatkannya secara GRATIS. TIDAK ADA BIAYA UNTUK MELAKUKAN REPEAT KELAS. Sekolah perguruan tinggi atau perdagangan mana yang melakukan itu, menawarkan retake seumur hidup dari kelas yang sama Tidak ada yang saya tahu. Ini berlaku untuk Pro Trader dasar dan kelas yang lebih mahal lainnya. Saya mengambil kelas Pro Trader dan kelas perdagangan Futures, ini membuat saya mengembalikan biaya Corolla kecil, sekitar 15000. Saya adalah pengembang perangkat lunak sehingga platform perdagangan merupakan tantangan tapi saya berhasil melewatinya, saya melakukan perdagangan beberapa kali saya Menghasilkan uang dan lainnya aku kalah Saya setuju dengan orang lain bahwa Analisis Teknis sama sekali bukan jalannya, Anda masih harus membaca dan belajar dan berlatih tapi OTA sama sekali bukan scam. Jika orang tersebut tidak bisa belajar atau tidak mendapatkannya maka itu bukan kesalahan sekolah. Jika saya kuliah dan saya gagal, itu bukan kesalahan sekolah. Ya, OTA melakukan lebih dari sekedar janji dan memang menarik orang keserakahan dan menginginkan kekayaan tapi sadar, Perdagangan di pasar mana pun adalah permainan yang berbahaya dan belajar sebanyak mungkin. Tapi jangan salahkan sekolah itu. Saya memiliki pengalaman hebat di OTA di Kansas City, tidak bisa berbicara untuk orang lain. Terima kasih. By the Way, kantor OTA di sini adalah kelas satu, toilet besar, makanan yang disediakan untuk sarapan dan makan siang atau makan malam jika di malam hari dan stafnya benar-benar hebat. Tidak pernah punya masalah Anda bisa menghubungi saya jika Anda tidak mempercayai saya. Menanggapi laporan ini Apakah Anda seorang pemilik, karyawan atau mantan karyawan dengan informasi negatif atau positif tentang perusahaan atau individu, atau dapatkah Anda memberikan informasi orang dalam di perusahaan ini Pemberitahuan Hukum dari Pengadilan memanggil: Tomat Pemberitahuan Hukum - () SUBMITTED: Friday , 28 Juni 2013 POSTED: Jumat, 28 Juni 2013 Kepada penulis Consumer Commentary posted 4412 dengan judul ldquoOnline Trading Academy SCAM. rdquo Harap perhatikan bahwa tindakan hukum telah dimulai di Pengadilan Tinggi Negara Bagian California Untuk County of Orange, Kasus No. 30-2013-00639004-CU-DF-CJC, sebagai akibat dari pernyataan palsu dan penghinaan yang dibuat oleh Anda berdasarkan Komentar Konsumen Anda (the ldquoActionrdquo). Dalam Aksi tersebut, kami telah memanggil catatan Xcentric Ventures LLC untuk mendapatkan informasi kontak Anda dan pesan yang tidak benar dan memfitnah yang Anda catat di situs Ripoff Report, ripoffreport. Dengan nama samaran ldquoTomatoesrdquo, atau nama samaran lainnya. Jika Anda tidak menanggapi dalam waktu 3 hari kerja dengan informasi kontak Anda yang sebenarnya dan benar kepada Michael S. Orr, Esq. Via email (msorrcalljensen) atau faksimili (949-717-3100), kami akan mencatatnya seperti yang diuraikan di atas yang saat ini memiliki tanggal produksi 19 Agustus 2013. Menanggapi laporan ini Apakah Anda seorang pemilik, karyawan atau mantan karyawan dengan Baik informasi negatif maupun positif tentang perusahaan atau individu, atau dapatkah anda memberikan informasi orang dalam pada perusahaan ini Waspadai SCAM ini. AUTHOR: Traderone - () SUBMITTED: Rabu, 15 Mei 2013 POSTED: Rabu, 15 Mei 2013 Pendapat saya: Waspadalah terhadap taktik umpan dan peralihan saat mereka memikat Anda dengan program dengan biaya rendah dan kemudian mencoba menjual sesuatu kepada Anda Mahal mengklaim bahwa Anda membutuhkannya untuk sukses dan menghasilkan uang. Saya merasa bahwa perusahaan ini tidak lebih dari sekadar tipuan dan harus ditutup oleh FTC seperti banyak perusahaan sejenis lainnya yang sering menggunakan informon udara setiap saat. Jangan percaya penawaran penjualan, testimonial, hasil trading, iklan, dll. Tidak satu pun perdagangan mereka dilakukan dengan uang sungguhan dan semuanya dilakukan di akun demo. Baca pernyataan pengungkapan yang harus Anda setujui saat mendaftar ke program. Mereka mengatakan kepada Anda bahwa semuanya itu Hipotetis dan tidak diperdagangkan dalam real account menggunakan uang sungguhan. Saya telah kehilangan ribuan dolar dalam perdagangan dengan program palsu mereka dan ribuan lainnya di kelas mereka. Jangan bodoh dengan uang Anda dan jatuh untuk penipuan ini. Ini tidak lebih dari sebuah perusahaan penjualan yang menghasilkan uang mereka untuk korban yang tidak tahu lebih baik. Baca semua laporan ripoff. Tidak ada yang akan termotivasi untuk mengatakan sesuatu yang baik tentang perusahaan di laporan ripoff yang memposting halaman kecuali orang-orang yang bekerja untuk perusahaan dan pemiliknya. Gunakan akal sehat. Hanya orang-orang yang benar-benar kesal dan merasa bahwa mereka telah scammed akan termotivasi untuk masuk ke halaman ini dan memposting sebuah laporan. Itu termasuk saya dan semua korban penipuan lainnya. Kecuali Anda ingin kehilangan satu ton moeny sangat cepat, tinggal jauh dari penipuan ini atau Anda akan menyesal seperti istri saya dan saya. Menanggapi laporan ini Apakah Anda pemilik, karyawan atau mantan karyawan dengan informasi negatif atau positif tentang perusahaan atau individu, atau dapatkah Anda memberikan informasi orang dalam di perusahaan ini Pemberitahuan Hukum dari Panggilan Pengadilan PENULIS: Tomat Pemberitahuan Hukum - () SUBMITTED: Thursday , 09 Mei 2013 POSTED: Kamis, 09 Mei 2013 Kepada penulis 2 Consumer Comment yang memasang 4412 dengan judul ldquoOnline Trading Academy SCAM. rdquo Mohon diperhatikan bahwa tindakan hukum telah dimulai di Pengadilan Tinggi Negara Bagian California Untuk County of Orange, Kasus No. 30-2013-00639004-CU-DF-CJC, sebagai akibat dari pernyataan palsu dan penghinaan yang dibuat oleh Anda di bawah 2 Komentar Konsumen (the ldquoActionrdquo). In the Action, we have subpoenaed the records of Xcentric Ventures LLC in an effort to obtain your contact information and any other improper and defamatory messages that you have posted on the website Ripoff Report, ripoffreport. under the pseudonym ldquoTomatoesrdquo, or any other pseudonym. If you do not respond within 3 business days with your true and correct contact information to Michael S. Orr, Esq. via email (msorrcalljensen ) or facsimile (949-717-3100), we will pursue the records as outlined above which currently has a production date of May 29, 2013. Respond to this report Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide insider information on this company AUTHOR: roger s - (United States of America) SUBMITTED: Monday, January 28, 2013 POSTED: Monday, January 28, 2013 Im interested in knowing who the 1st responder works for. I have been investing for 40 years and follow traditional practices and valuations like pe ratios, eps, growth, debt to equity ratios, etc. I have found the fundamentals drive value - not a chart, not an opinion, not some goofball claiming they know something no one else does, etc. I suggest people stick to the basics. This system sounds like a scam. Respond to this report Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide insider information on this company 10 Consumer Comment AUTHOR: Tomatoes - (United States of America) SUBMITTED: Wednesday, April 11, 2012 POSTED: Wednesday, April 11, 2012 Although not new, Online Trading Academy based out of Irvine, Ca pretends to offer investment trading education across multiple asset categories like stocks, options, futures, commodities, forex and real estate. Biayanya asin mulai dari 5.000 untuk kursus dasar mereka dan sampai 10.000 per kelas mentoring dan 65.000 untuk program paspor mereka. Mereka telah menjalankan iklan informan di tv larut malam seperti yang diajarkan Guru Me To Trade. Baru-baru ini mereka menggunakan testimonial palsu di internet yang diposting oleh petugas gubuk berbayar dan pegawai OTA. Mereka bahkan memiliki situs web mereka sendiri yang menyiratkan bahwa ini adalah situs ulasan pihak ke-3. Petunjuk yang jelas adalah ulasan bintang lima mengoceh yang semuanya terlihat seperti ditulis oleh orang yang sama dan ulasan lain yang akurat namun tidak begitu baik diblokir dan dihapus. OTA will lure you to their facility to attend a Power Trading Workshop, ostensibly a half day workshop which really only lasts about 3 hours, time for lunch and registration included. Menyebutnya bengkel pun cukup meregang. Ini adalah promosi penjualan yang terang-terangan jauh lebih buruk daripada presentasi berbagi waktu. Kursus ini mencakup terutama ta dasar yang dapat ditemukan dalam buku murah atau bahkan gratis di internet. Mereka mengklaim menawarkan diskon 2000 kali untuk hari itu saja. Ini bohong Mereka juga menjanjikan retakes seumur hidup. Tapi ruang kelas mereka hanya menampung sekitar 20 orang dan mereka terus mendorong lebih banyak klien. Di mana mereka akan menempatkan semua orang FAKTA: Kebanyakan klien berhenti frustrasi dan meskipun kelas dan lokakarya terdaftar terjual habis, jumlahnya lebih sedikit setengah dan batal. Dan mereka juga menjanjikan penggantian biaya kuliah. (Jangan suka cara mereka membuang istilah pendidikan untuk membuat mereka terdengar seperti sekolah sungguhan) Di sini sekali lagi, baca baik cetaknya dan benar-benar memeriksanya. Anda tahu apa yang mereka katakan tentang kapan hal-hal terdengar terlalu bagus untuk menjadi kenyataan. Di beberapa situs web di mana keluhan belum dihapus, seharusnya pejabat perusahaan mengirimkan sanggahan dan menantang siapa pun untuk menghubungi mereka di kantor perusahaan mereka di California. Nomornya adalah nomor tol, bukan bebas pulsa dan mereka yang menelepon menemukannya terhubung ke voice mail dan setelah meninggalkan banyak pesan, tidak ada yang mengembalikan panggilan. Begitu banyak bantuan dari perusahaan. OTA also seems very upset about the increasing number of complaints appearing about them on the internet and are now charging complaintants as being people who work for the competition, frustrated, lazy students who wouldnt take the time to follow their courses, deadbeat clients who defaulted on their loans (18 interest, they may be right on this one) people whose credit cards were denied and disgruntled former employees. Sebelum disebut Akademi Perdagangan Online, itu disebut blok sekuritas, lalu sekuritas momentum, kemudian sekuritas Newport Beach. Di Orlando, kepemilikan kantor lokal telah berpindah tangan lima kali dalam beberapa tahun dan telah mengalami pergantian karyawan secara besar-besaran. Many of OTAs offices are located in right to work states which means that employees were probably treated unfairly so there probably are a lot of unhappy ex-employees out there for sure. Namun, satu hal yang tidak ingin diakui oleh Akademi Perdagangan Online adalah bahwa mereka memiliki banyak klien yang tidak bahagia dan apa pun yang ditampilkan di internet jika dibandingkan dengan apa yang terjadi di kantor lokal tempat klien berkali-kali menjerit pada staf Akademi Perdagangan Online Kesalahan mereka dan taktik penjualan tekanan tinggi. Ini hanyalah salah satu dari sekian banyak Kejahatan Terorganisir yang telah dioperasikan secara global. Stay away from these guys Report Attachments: AUTHOR: Angry Consumer10 - (United States of America) SUBMITTED: Friday, September 16, 2011 POSTED: Friday, September 16, 2011 Obviously this rebuttal was made by an OTA employee. Why Because your response, the tone and the mentality is exactly what I recieved when I went to the Power Trading Workshop and was allowed to sit in on the Pro Trader class and offered my feelings as to what was going on. Which is why I along with many others walked out and never signed up for the gig. We didnt buy into your pitch. The way you guys operate is funny though. You invite us to a supposedly free workshop with continental breakfast and a promise to buy us lunch. Turns out that what we get is cheap danish and a cheap sub and a drink. The so called workshop is a blatant sales pitch. It should be called an infomercial, not a workshop. Just a dog and pony show. The information on double bottoms, double tops and shorting could hardly be considered anything new or revolutionary for anybody but the most naive to trading. And the way it was present could be and is misleading. The presenter made it sound like a double top is a guarantee of a big decline in stock price and predictable. Tidak begitu. Ditto for shorting. It is a fact that more people LOSE MONEY by shorting than by going long. The presenter said the exact opposite. The market can turn on a dime and if you are short, you have unlimited risk. Having stop losses wont help you if bad news come out after the bell and your stock takes a licking. Not a fan or a buddy of Jimmy Cramer or CNBC. I do watch Cramer. Is it true that the only reason that you guys attack Cramer is because his company The Street took cheap shots at your people when they were working for Wade Cook and perhaps had something to do with Mr. Cook filing for bankruptcy Looking for retribution Payback By the way, if OTA has such an issue with CNBC and Jimmy Cramer, why do you advertise so heavily on that station And I wonder what Cramer would say if he found out what you guys were saying about him. Or should I say, misquoting him. Perhaps he would have The Street do the same kind of report on you that they have done on Wade Cook and others. Now that would be interesting. By the way, in answer to your question, why was I at your circus show if I watch CNBC. It was because I saw your ad on CNBC HELLO And isnt it true that all or most of the OTA employees especially trainers and speakers have all worked for get rich quick gurus now out of business like Wade Cook, Larry Pino, Better Trades and more You guys sound like prostitutes jumping around and being pimped from one get rich quick con failed artist after another. There is a case for mutual funds for certain people. Even your speaker indicated that traders should have a couple of buckets, one for trading and one for investing. Personally, I prefer ETFs for diversification to MFs and on that point, I hope we might agree. Back to MFs, there are no load mutual funds with low maintenace fees. You have to know what you are shopping for and you have to move in and out of stock, bond and money market funds. You also need to know when to move into sector funds. Your comments convinces me that you know nothing about mutual funds. When I was at your Circus sideshow, I spoke to one of your people and told him that I had been in mutual funds for many years and amassed a considerable net worth following a simple strategy but wanted to begin trading. I also told him that I used Morningstar as a guide to pick funds. His reponse Who or what is Morningstar And had an understandable DUH look on his face. Who trains your people Never heard of Morningstar and he is supposed to be a counselor Cmon I sat in on your Pro Trader class. The newbies seemed very excited and thought they had been making money. The veterans were not so happy. They siad everyone makes money in class but when you go home, it is quite different. Someof these people had retaked the class repeatedly for a year and still were losing money. One person I heard had lost over 10,000 using your proven system. Hey whats up with that And whats up with this trade with real money that you claim Isnt it true that your people are really trading in a demo account and no real money Your retake provison I am told is also a joke. With a maximum of only 20 seats and such a strong effort to aggressively bring in new people, where in the world will you fit everyone And isnt it true that most people drop out after the first class And who has the time to takeoff of work or away from trading to spend 7 days in a classroom and then be weary eyed for days later And lets not forget the cost of lost wages from work, trading, traveling, lodging, meals and gas. And if you really had so many happy students, why do you have to advertise so much I would think you would have people knocking your doors down to enroll just based on word of mouth referrals. So why so much heavy advertising Hmmmm Speaking of word of mouth, Orlando is a large city but word does get around. And regarding Online Trading Academy in Orlando, the word is that you guys are a joke We were told that the real cost of the course is 6990 but we get a 2,000 discount by enrolling that day. However, I also heard that nobody ever paid the 6990, but only 4990 or even less. Some paid only 3500. Some even less. Many say that its not even worth 500. By the way, did you know that most of these get rich quick scams get nailed in Florida Our attorney generals are good I hear your tuition reimbursement is also a joke. And several people have indicated they lost all of their reimbursement credits when you changed brokers a few years ago. How often do you change brokers Slippage To make any money with that, you need to trade in 500 to 1,000 share lots. And I suspect that the people who trade like that know more about trading than your trainers. The fees associated with that broker you recommend eat up any profits in 3-4 cent slippage with small trades. And you talk about mutual fund fees Cmon Based on the high pressure placed on myself and others, it is very obvious that your slaes people are under a lot of heat to sell and upsell. And Ive heard that even though the Orlando office is only a couple of years old, ownerships has changed hands what 4,5 times and employee turnover is very high No wonder there is so much high pressure selling when we go in there. Regarding the free home study course that is supposed to be worth 99 to 207 depending on the commercial or informercial you see, in my opinion, it is not even worth .99 cents. You offer an abridged version of a program that sells for about 35 (worth about 1) with the intent of luring us in for more. Report Attachments: Respond to this reportDeveloping a Trading Plan A trading plan is a set of rules that covers various aspects of your trading life. Traders with a plan will trade better than those without. The old saying in business ldquoFail to plan and you plan to failrdquo applies here. The traders with a plan can enter into the markets with better ideas of their own personal psychology, style, strategy and goals. The plan allows them to monitor their performance, evaluate their progress, and trade more objectively with less emotion and stress. It provides a set of rules to keep them focused in the right direction, which is to be consistently profitable. A good plan strictly adhered to will help minimize losses and stay in the game longer. A trading plan facilitates your decision-making by helping reduce the influence of your emotions from the equation so that you can trade more efficiently. It helps you become more like a cool and calculated trading robot (your trading decisions and actions calibrated to the ldquocoderdquo of the plan) instead of an egoistic, emotional, and stressed trader flying by the seat of his pants, making faulty, irrational judgments in the heat of the moment. If you trade with an automated system or EA, which incorporates much of your plan within its own customized algorithms, then you probably do not need to follow a trading plan as much as code it within the EA. A trading plan is a way for manual traders to become more like highly sophisticated, adaptable trading machines and with time and experience, perhaps even better than any trading robot because of the greater computing power and adaptability of a human brain. It is important to differentiate a trading plan from a strategy. It is easy to confuse the two. A strategy covers things like entry, exit. managing the trade, money management. A trading plan is like your business plan, covering your mindset, strategy, trading routine, goals, rewards, and emergency actions. It keeps you focused. A good trading plan should be solid and fluid at the same time: it should be written in stone while you are trading, but subject to re-evaluation after the market has closed. It should evolve and change with the changing market conditions as well as to the new ideas, skills and knowledge of the developing trader. What are the primary Features of a Trading Plan Trading plans need to be simple as it makes it easier to follow and simple approaches have proven to work over time. Here are five important features that every plan must have. Trading mindset represents the self-assessment of the trader regarding his particular mental attitude towards trading, his emotions during trading, his space and time for trading, and his strengths and weaknesses. Let us break these down into questions, which we will later follow with an example. Why do I want to be a trader (motive, talents) What is my trading style (fundamentaltechnical, dayswingposition ) What are my strengths and weaknesses (list, specify how to maximize former, minimize latter) Am I in the right frame of mind (are you calm and relaxed or stressed, tired, emotional) How much time do I expect to devote to trading, developing my system and conducting trade research I want to be a trader in order to make money to supplement my work income. This objective is important for me because I want to take control over my personal finances. I believe I can become a successful trader because I am self-confident, creative and an excellent researcher. I am a technical trader and my style is day trading and scalping. I only have 2 hours to devote to trading each day, and in that window of time I hope to be in out and within 0-4 trades, depending on the market conditions and technical set-ups that I am watching. I will only trade on days that I am rested, relaxed, and not distracted by work, family or other events in my life. I have an extra hour in the day (in the evenings when kids are in bed) to devote to trade review and system research and analysis. My primary strength is that I am self-confident with a good eye for the market. I can see a situation developing on a short time frame and exploit it. My primary weakness is that I become emotionally attached to the trade (or trade direction) when I have to be more adherent to the system and its exit rules. In order to handle this weakness, I will follow the rules of the exit strategy in a strict fashion, or I will work with an exit EA or script that handles more robotically the exit conditions. There are many reasons for becoming a trader, and making money is common for all, but it is important to know your financial targets. Setting goals is an important part because it provides you with a beacon to work towards, the ability to track your progress and the motivation to work towards. What is my trading goal Why do you expect to achieve it What are my income targets (per week, month, year) How will I know when my plan is working or not My trading goal is to be consistently profitable every week, month and year. I am expecting to achieve at least 5 growth on my account equity per month with less than 20 intermonth draw down. I can achieve this goal because my strategy is well developed and researched: it has been back and forward tested over the last 4 years to be consistently profitable. The edge factor is the high probability of winning trades. If I can remain true to the strategy and trading plan, my goal is achievable. If, despite my rigorous adherence to the strategy and plan, I do not meet my goals, I need to reevaluate the system, the markets, and my relationship to both. If I achieve my goal for two consecutive months, I plan to reward myself by taking a holiday with my family. Trading Risk and Money Management Risk management focuses on the risk of each trade, the risk-reward ratio, winning probability, and position sizing. Depending on your account, the pair and the risk you accept per trade, you should be able to calculate the exact size of the position you should use for the trade. Money management, on the other hand, focuses on initial lot sizing in relation to account size, and how it increases and decreases as the account grows or falls. What is my attitude towards risk What is my overall market risk What is my stop loss What is my strategy risk that is, the trade accuracy combined with the risk-reward ratio per trade What is my optimal lot size, and maximum risk per trade What money management approach will I use What will I do in the event of a large draw down What is my broker and hardware risk Note: a good calculator to help you determine your position sizing relative to your ideal percentage risk per trade can be found here: Position size calculator I consider myself to be a cautious trader. I am not into day trading because I am more aggressive. Instead, I fear the potential risk of market exposure the longer I am in the market the greater something will go wrong. I prefer instead to be in and out of the market, capture my profits and go to bed soundly without fear of my trade being vulnerable to a market reversal I am not there to deal with. Since I will be risking 50 pip stop loss for every potential 25 pip profit target, my riskreward ratio is 1:2. It is not the best risk reward ratio but I expect to come out ahead with the 75 probability of a winning trade, as determined by backtesting. I aim to risk only 1 of my account on any given trade. Since I am going to trade with 1000 with a 50 pip stop on EURUSD, I can trade with 2 micro lots at a time (2 micro loss of 50 pips -10). My money management approach is fixed fractional: I will trade 0.01 lots per 500, increasing it or decreasing it for every 500 up or down in my account. I will be starting out with 1000 (a sum I can afford to lose), and my starting lot size will be 0.02, as per my money management rule. I will lock in profits with a trailing stop that protects 50 of the profits after 15 pip move in profit. I will stop trading in a day if 5 of my account has been lost. In the event of a 30 draw down, in any given period, I will stop trading for the month and review my system and riskmoney management approach. My main broker is Forex UK I do not have a secondary broker because I do not need one. In the event my PC crashes, I have a backup, mirrored PC that I can trade from. My MT4 platform is free, my two pcs have been paid for, so the only expenses I incur are electricity and brokerage transaction costs. The core of the plan is the strategy, which consists of the entry and exit rules. Most strategies fall within three groups: trends breakouts, retracements, and reversals. A setup is the set of characteristics that help you identify the right conditions for a trade, and a signal is a specific condition that is met that triggers your trade. Both entries and exits can have setups and signals. We will be looking at both. What are your setups for entry How will you find your setup Which signals will trigger your entry What are my setups for exit What signals will trigger your exit What are the profit targets (and profit protection mechanisms) What are the stop losses and adjustable stops to limit loss My strategy is a trend following strategy that I will be looking to pick up trades in the direction of the trend on small retracementspullbacks. I will do this through what is called a Moving Average Bounce. My entry setup will seek to identify the larger trend of EURUSD via the 100 and 200 period moving average of the H1 chart. The trend is UPDOWN if EURUSD price is abovebelow both the 100 and 200 moving average of the H1. Once trend direction has been established, I will be awaiting a secondary setup on 100 and 200 period moving average of the M5 chart. If EURUSD retraces back to the 100 MA of M5, the retracement condition has been met. The specific signal: buy sell if EURUSD bounces upwardsdownwards from the 100 MA of M5. Global Futures provides customized FX trading solutions to accommodate the diverse needs of institutional clients and asset managers including Commodity Pool Operators, hedge funds, and corporations. As an independent introducing brokerage with access to multiple FX liquidity providers, Global Futures is in a unique position to work on behalf of its institutional clients to negotiate competitive rates, assess and present diverse trading solutions, and proactively inform clients of technological and financial developments within the FX industry. Global Futures provides access to the most current technologies in asset management and order execution. Access to multiple FX liquidity providers Multiple options for pricing and depth of book liquidity to significantly reduce slippage and tighten spreads Customized MAM, PAMM, and LAMM accounts for single or multiple order distributions to accommodate diverse trading strategies Block trading capabilities Multiple reporting formats (upon request on a case-by-case basis) For more information on our institutional services, please contact 866-758-3015 or email Institutionalglobalfutures Using a Weekly Forex Trading System By John Russell. Forex Trading Expert Forex trading on weekly charts is one of my favorite ways to make trades. Many forex systems encourage trading on 5 and 15 minute charts which can be exciting, but if you dont have a lot of experience with the way currencies move, particularly whatever it is youre trying to trade, it can be frustrating and you can lose money. Youll need to stay armed with thoughtful risk management and a good dose of patience. When looking 5 minute charts and such, you are typically looking at a range of 100-200 pips at the most. When looking at a weekly chart, the range may be thousands of pips, depending on the pair. The good news is, you really still trade these the same way, only it takes much longer, and you have to trade in smaller amounts. You might normally trade mini lots, which comes out to around 1 a pip on average, a good whipsaw move on a smaller time frame might take 100 out of your account if it hits the stop . If you made the same type of trade on a weekly chart and were taken out on that kind of dip, you could lose 1000. On one hand, yes the potential to lose in higher dollar amounts does exist, but the bright side of that is that it takes much longer to get there. 1000 pip whips on a weekly chart are not very common. They usually only happen when something rocks the world markets, such as the disaster in 2008. Typically 1000 pips of movement may take from a month to 3 months, and some currency pairs really just range back and forth over that time. Continue Reading Below Taking all of that into account, you probably want to know how you can get started trading those weekly charts. The rule of thumb for most markets, is that if the price is above the 200 week moving average, its a buy, and if its below its a sell. I like to take this one step farther by also adding a 50 week moving average to the chart. I do this because the difference between the current price and the 200 moving average can be large, and I like to use the 50 moving average as a filter. If the current price falls between the two averages, I skip the trade and look for something else. This is just my personal rule of thumb, you can develop your own filters. The main thing to remember is trade small and be patient. If you normally trade forex mini lots. use micro lots instead. Weekly charts are easy to manage, but the distance in price is usually bigger than it appears, so use caution. Just like trading on any other time frame, you should still use stops and set targets and make a trading plan. The difference is, you dont have to plan at the speed of light, you get the benefit of calculating your plans over months instead of hours. As long as your patient, and observe the right caution, this is one of the safest ways to trade. Obviously you need to follow forex risk management and use common sense, but this is one of the easier ways to trade. The money builds up slow, but its much less stressful to make using this method. If youve learned something from this, or you have a question, feel free to email me at forextrading64aboutguide. or follow me on facebook . 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I would definitely use this material in my derivatives class, as I believe students would benefit from analyzing the many dimensions of Jeffs trading strategies. I especially found the material on trading the earnings cycle and discussion of how to insure against price jumps at known events very worthwhile. This is not just another book about options trading. The author shares a plethora of knowledge based on 20 years of trading experience and study of the financial markets. Jeff explains the myriad of complexities about options in a manner that is insightful and easy to understand. Given the growth in the options and derivatives markets over the past five years, this book is required reading for any serious investor or anyone in the financial service industries. Those in the know will find this book to be an excellent resource and practical guide with exciting new insights into investing and hedging with options. Jeff has focused everything I knew about options pricing and more through a hyper-insightful lens This book provides a unique and practical perspective about options trading that should be required reading for professional and individual investors. A RTHUR T ISI. Founder and CEO, EXA Infosystems private investor and options trader In The Volatility Edge in Options Trading. leading options trader Jeff Augen introduces breakthrough strategies for identifying subtle price distortions that arise from changes in market volatility. Drawing on more than a decade of never-before-published research, Augen provides new analytical techniques that every experienced options trader can use to study historical price changes, mitigate risk, limit market exposure, and structure mathematically sound high-return options positions. Augen bridges the gap between pricing theory mathematics and market realities, covering topics addressed in no other options trading book. He introduces new ways to exploit the rising volatility that precedes earnings releases trade the monthly options expiration cycle leverage put:call price parity disruptions understand weekend and month-end effects on bid-ask spreads and use options on the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) as a portfolio hedge. Unlike conventional guides, The Volatility Edge in Options Trading doesnt rely on oversimplified positional analyses: it fully reflects ongoing changes in the prices of underlying securities, market volatility, and time decay. Whats more, Augen shows how to build your own customized analytical toolset using low-cost desktop software and data sources: tools that can transform his state-of-the-art strategies into practical buysell guidance. An options investment strategy that reflects the markets fundamental mathematical properties Presents strategies for achieving superior returns in widely diverse market conditions Adaptive trading: how to dynamically manage option positions, and why you must Includes precise, proven metrics and rules for adjusting complex positions Effectively trading the earnings and expiration cycles Use standard desktop software and data sources to build world-class decision-making tools Jeffs analysis is unique, at least among academic derivatives textbooks. I would definitely use this material in my derivatives class, as I believe students would benefit from analyzing the many dimensions of Jeffs trading strategies. I especially found the material on trading the earnings cycle and discussion of how to insure against price jumps at known events very worthwhile. D R. R OBERT J ENNINGS. Professor of Finance, Indiana University Kelley School of Business This is not just another book about options trading. The author shares a plethora of knowledge based on 20 years of trading experience and study of the financial markets. Jeff explains the myriad of complexities about options in a manner that is insightful and easy to understand. Given the growth in the options and derivatives markets over the past five years, this book is required reading for any serious investor or anyone in the financial service industries. M ICHAEL P. OH ARE. Head of Mergers Acquisitions, Oppenheimer Co. Inc. Those in the know will find this book to be an excellent resource and practical guide with exciting new insights into investing and hedging with options. J IM M EYER. Managing Director, Sasqua Field Capital Partners LLC Jeff has focused everything I knew about options pricing and more through a hyper-insightful lens This book provides a unique and practical perspective about options trading that should be required reading for professional and individual investors. A RTHUR T ISI. Founder and CEO, EXA Infosystems private investor and options trader In The Volatility Edge in Options Trading. leading options trader Jeff Augen introduces breakthrough strategies for identifying subtle price distortions that arise from changes in market volatility. Drawing on more than a decade of never-before-published research, Augen provides new analytical techniques that every experienced options trader can use to study historical price changes, mitigate risk, limit market exposure, and structure mathematically sound high-return options positions. Augen bridges the gap between pricing theory mathematics and market realities, covering topics addressed in no other options trading book. He introduces new ways to exploit the rising volatility that precedes earnings releases trade the monthly options expiration cycle leverage put:call price parity disruptions understand weekend and month-end effects on bid-ask spreads and use options on the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) as a portfolio hedge. Unlike conventional guides, The Volatility Edge in Options Trading doesnt rely on oversimplified positional analyses: it fully reflects ongoing changes in the prices of underlying securities, market volatility, and time decay. Whats more, Augen shows how to build your own customized analytical toolset using low-cost desktop software and data sources: tools that can transform his state-of-the-art strategies into practical buysell guidance. An options investment strategy that reflects the markets fundamental mathematical properties Presents strategies for achieving superior returns in widely diverse market conditions Adaptive trading: how to dynamically manage option positions, and why you must Includes precise, proven metrics and rules for adjusting complex positions Effectively trading the earnings and expiration cycles Use standard desktop software and data sources to build world-class decision-making tools About the Author Excerpt. copy Reprinted by permission. Seluruh hak cipta. Betting With the House This book is written for experienced equity and index option traders who are interested in exploring new technical strategies and analytical techniques. Many fine texts have been written on the subject, each targeted at a different level of technical proficiency. They range from overviews of basic options positions to graduate-level reviews of option pricing theory. Some focus on a single strategy, and others are broad-based. Not surprisingly, many fall into the get rich quick category. Generally speaking, books that focus on trading are light on pricing theory, and books that thoroughly cover pricing theory usually are not intended as a trading guide. Strategies for trading the monthly options expiration cycle The effects of earnings announcements on options volatility and pricing The complex relationship between market drawdowns, volatility, and disruptions to put-call parity Weekendend-of-month effects on bid-ask spreads and volatility A cornerstone of our discussion will be a new set of analytical tools designed to classify equities according to their historic price-change behavior. I have successfully used these tools to trade accounts as small as 80,000 and as large as 20M. Ten years ago, having studied the markets for some time, I believed I could be a part-time investor with a full-time professional career. At the time I was a computer-industry executivea director at IBMwith a large compensation package and a promising future. My goal was to develop a successful trading strategy that could be implemented as an income supplement. It was a naiumlve idea. Successful investing is a demanding pursuit. The work described in this book took more than ten years. It involved writing hundreds of thousands of lines of computer code, constructing numerous financial-history databases, creating new data visualization tools, and, most important, executing more than 3,000 trades. During that time I also read dozens of books and thousands of technical articles on economic theory, technical analysis, and derivatives trading. The most important result was not the trading system itself, but the revelation that nothing short of full-time effort could possibly succeed. The financial industry is populated with bright, hard-working, well-educated professionals who devote every waking hour to making money. Moreover, there is virtually no limit to the funds that can be made available to hire outstanding talent. An amateur investor should not expect to compete with these professionals in his or her spare time. The market is a zero-sum gameevery dollar won must also be lost. Option trading represents the winner-take-all version of the game. Consistently making money requires focus and dedication. That said, experienced private investors often have a distinct advantage over large institutions in the equity options world. The advantage relates to scale. A private investor trading electronically can instantly open or close typical positions consisting of tens or even hundreds of option contracts. Conversely, institutions often manage very large positions worth hundreds of millions of dollars. Efficient execution becomes a barrier at this level. Furthermore, many equity option issues do not have enough open interest to support trades of this size. The result is that institutional traders tend to focus on index optionswhich are much more liquidand some of the more heavily traded equity options. Large positions take time to negotiate and price. They have an element of permanence because they cant be unwound with the press of a button. Liquidity and scaling are central to this work, and we will return to this discussion many times in the context of trading logistics. Generally speaking, the work is not donenot even close. But Ive come a long way. Today I can comfortably generate a return that would make any investment bank or hedge fund proud. Needless to say, I no longer work in the computer industry, and I have no interest in a salary. Im free. My time belongs to me. I trade for a living. copy Pearson Education. Seluruh hak cipta. Utilizing fundamental characteristics, our Quantitative Equity platform employs robust models that systematically combine value, contrarian and momentum factors to identify undervalued stocks. Our research has proven that the factor categories that determine stock price performance often vary across economic sectors and capitalization ranges. Due to the number and unique combinations of factors utilized, our sector-specific models allow us to efficiently and unemotionally analyze the designated universe of stocks, providing objectively determined buy and sell decisions. QVM8482: Large Cap Launched in 1994, this strategy focuses on the 1000 largest companies that are available for purchase on U. S. stock exchanges. Utilizing 8 separate WEDGE-defined sectors, this portfolio applies a model-driven systematic approach to large cap value investing. QVM8482: SmallMid Cap This strategy is based on our long history of quantitative equity investing in QVM - Large Cap and focuses on the 501st to 2500th largest companies traded on U. S. stock exchanges.160 Utilizing 10 separate WEDGE-defined sectors, this portfolio applies a model-driven systematic approach to small-mid cap value investing. Market Neutral LongShort Equity Trading by Dion Friedland, Chairman, Magnum Funds Imagine McDonalds has just come out with a low-fat burger that you and your children love. Burger Kings new fat-free burger, on the other hand, is dry and tasteless, producing moans in the back seat. So, sensing a trend here, you rush out and buy 5,000 worth of McDonalds stock and sell short 5,000 of Burger King. What you have just done is become a market-neutral investor. There are many hedging strategies that provide some degree of market neutrality, but balancing investments among carefully researched long and short positions an approach I call market-neutral longshort equity trading is truly market neutral. Taking the McDonalds-Burger King example, if the market goes up, both your McDonalds and Burger King positions will rise in price, but McDonalds should rise more provided your analysis is correct and is ultimately recognized by other investors. Thus, the profit from your McDonalds position will more than offset the loss from your short position in Burger King. As a bonus, you will receive a rebate from your broker on your short position (typically the risk-free rate of interest). Managers of market-neutral longshort equity hedge funds make scores of investments like this, picking stocks they believe are sufficiently balanced to keep the portfolio buffered from a severe market swing. Typically, they make sure the baskets of long and short investments are beta neutral. Beta is the measurement of a stocks volatility relative to the market. A stock with a beta of 1 moves historically in sync with the market, while a stock with a higher beta tends to be more volatile than the market and a stock with a lower beta can be expected to rise and fall more slowly than the market. For added neutrality, they can buy equal dollar amounts of long and short investments, making the portfolio dollar neutral . Finally, many practitioners of market-neutral longshort equity trading balance their longs and shorts in the same sector or industry. By being sector neutral. they avoid the risk of market swings affecting some industries or sectors differently than others, and thus losing money when long a stock in a sector that suddenly plunges and short another in a sector that stays flat or goes up. In effect, what managers try to do by being beta neutral, dollar neutral, and sector neutral is make their portfolios more predictable by eliminating all systematic, or market, risk. Keeping portfolios balanced, then, is an obvious part of market-neutral longshort equity trading, especially when trying to maintain a constant dollar-neutral portfolio. This can involve a tremendous amount of buying and selling, and thus one of the risks or variables in this strategy is the fund managers (and his brokers) ability to execute trades efficiently as well as to keep brokerage costs from eating away at the profits. Fund managers must also trade in very liquid stocks usually stocks which have options written on them, indicating a high level of daily volume in order to ensure they can get quickly in and out of positions. The main variable, however, and the key to the success of this strategy is the fund managers ability to select a basket of long stocks that will perform better than the basket of shorts. If the longs dont outperform the shorts that is, if your assessment about McDonalds edge in product development translating into better stock value is wrong then no matter how market neutral your portfolio is, it wont generate meaningful returns. Most market neutral, longshort equity funds use quantitative analysis to assist in stock picking. This involves studying historical price patterns to project how well a stock will perform in the future. Typically, these stocks will then be given a ranking from 1 to 5, with the stocks ranked 1 and 2 expected to perform better than those ranked 4 and 5. Not surprisingly, quantitative analysis often requires the aid of high-speed computers to quickly assess historical patterns, identify their relationships with current trends, and provide the rankings. It also often involves short-term trading, as there is more precision in measuring historically the impact of an event on prices over a several-day period than there is measuring over a longer term. Of increasing use to fund managers employing this strategy are neural networks, a new generation of artificial intelligence that simulates the processes of the brain. Able to actually learn from past calculations and optimize their results, neural network computer programs can help identify stocks within a particular sector that behave together in a particular, coherent way and then find pricing misalignments among these stocks. Neural network programs identify the most likely outperformers and underperformers in a particular sector by looking at variables such as the relationship between the current price and the price in the recent past, and the interrelationship between prices of various equities. Other variables include data from the options and other related derivatives markets that help forecast future performance by indicating what the markets think about this stock today. Not only reading the various data, neural networks learn to interpret them, picking up complex patterns in the indicator data and the relative importance of certain indicators on particular stocks. In short, through sophisticated quantitative systems using technology such as neural networks, fund managers seek to optimize their stock picks and produce a higher Sharpe Ratio, or risk-adjusted rate of return. Quantitative funds were recently the target of negative media coverage following the severe losses by Long Term Capital Management, Ltd. a U. S. hedge fund. The negative attention focused on the fact that Long Term Capital failed despite the technical wizardry of its management team, which included Nobel Prize winners Robert Merton and Myron Scholes, and despite its claim of being market neutral. In fact, Long Term Capital was not market neutral in the sense in which I am defining the term. Rather than balance long and short equity positions, Long Term Capital bet on a convergence of spreads between various fixed income sectors, which is not a truly market neutral strategy, as prices of bonds can - and, in fact, did - diverge. Further, Long Term Capital Managements losses were caused by the use of an extreme amount of leverage, up to 30 times its capital, which is atypical of market-neutral longshort equity funds. Such funds, in general, leverage no more than three or four times capital, with most using significantly less leverage than that. While quantitative analysis is the most common method for identifying optimal long and short positions, some hedge fund managers rely on fundamental analysis, systematically analyzing industries and companies to find those on the brink of positive, or negative, change. One strategy known as pairs trading matches its long and short investments one pair at a time. When a manager finds a company that is particularly outstanding, he seeks a mate on the short side that doesnt have to be an unattractive company so much as one that is expected to perform marginally poorer and, equally important, that is most likely to swing in the same way in a volatile market (i. e. one that has the same beta) and thus insure against potential losses. A perfect example is the McDonalds-Burger King pairing discussed above. The same is true when searching for a long match to a particularly compelling short candidate. Deriving returns from the performance differential within the pair, this approach seeks to achieve consistency of return by earning small, steady profits on many positions, rather than trying for large gains that may end up being equally big losses. This tendency to earn small, steady gains characterizes market neutral longshort equity funds in general, resulting in annual returns of about 10-12 percent, unlevered. To enhance returns, some funds resort to leverage. This is the inherent tradeoff with the strategy of balancing long and short investments as a safeguard against market risk. Obviously, it cannot reap (without leverage) the same gains from a roaring bull market as an aggressive, long-only growth manager. But balanced longshort equity trading by managers with strong stock-picking ability can provide consistently good performance in any market and even excel in a market decline. Which, in todays investment climate, is an attractive feature to investors. Learn More About Hedge Funds Trader Slang forex glossary slang Share this forex article: What is slang definition Slang is the term that denotes a set of particulars words and expressions that are unusual of non-official communications for some group of people in the society. The language of cultural societies, geographic places and representative of various professions had had its peculiarities that reflect the peoples views and in fact points out their status and society. Jargon or slang is different from the literary speech norms but usually most slangs make the communication easier between people. So, like other people traders have their slang words because they also keep a good imagination and a sense of humor. In the below mention list the detail of all the main terms of slangs is presented. These slangs are usually used by market traders in their non-formal communication. This list of slangs will help the newcomer on the market for getting into the trading swiftly. Bull market bullish: when the market is upward. Bear market bearish: when the market is downward. Margin call: When losses exceed margin, a margin call is given at that moment either you have to refill your account or reduce some open trades. Tick, Item: It is a small step that brings change in the prices. Long (position): Whenever some traders buy something with an assumption of increase in price in future time Short (position): when traders sell something on the assumption of drop in price. Heat: When they talk about the big risks in trades. Range: Whenever the market is stagnant, mean no down or upward trend for a while. Flat (Square): When traders sell all stocks. Setup: specific environment for trading. Gap: It is a difference between a last period close price and a next period open price. Whipsaw: It is a position of volatile markets and in this condition a movement in price is sharp followed by same sharp reversal. Rally: It is a recovery period after the decline in the market. Profit (Gain): Earned money gained after selling stock. Loss: Lost money after selling stock. Pip (Point): A last digit, like, in EuroUSD one point0. 0001. Slippages: It is the execution of the order, when market is fast but the broker has low liquidity and due to this he cannot execute your order. Drawdown: It is in the Forex trading account value. Squeeze: It is action, for raising the money price by any central bank. Limit: When they place orders for buying or selling currencies at a particular price or more. Lock: When you open 2 positions for one stock with one specification and size in diverse directions. Majors: It means the most famous pairs of currencies are available to trade. Like AUDUSD. USDCAD, USDJPY, GBPUSD and EURUSD. In the contrary Exotics are less traded pairs. Cable: British Pound, GBP. Aussie: Australian Dollar, AUD. Swissie: Swiss Federation franc, CHF. Kiwi: New Zealand dollar, NDZ Loonie: Canadian Dollar, CAD. Holy Grail: It is a consistently profitable trade system. There are many more slangs contently growing with the span of time, so it cannot be said that it is a complete list. The Best Times to Trade the 24-hour Forex Market Forex traders never sleep, or at least, it would appear that way, with markets open 247. With the aforementioned in mind, some may be wondering if theres another way to approach trading, or if there are simply better times to trade than others. Within this article, we not only examine Forex hours and when the best times to trade are, but we will also examine the overall paradigm behind traders mindset of market-hours on the whole. Click here to order your copy of The VXX Trend Following Strategy today and be one of the very first traders to utilize these unique strategies. This guidebook will make you a better, more powerful trader. 3:00 AM to 4:00 AM London and Tokyo overlap. 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM London and New York are both open. 7:00 PM to 2:00 AM Sydney and Tokyo trade together. During times when more than one market is open, volume and volatility increase significantly, and are a great time for day traders to see action happen. However, when only market is open, trading can dry up significantly, There are two points to note here though: 1. While trading action can be slow when only one market is open, it does not mean that movement does not occur. Many brokerage firms will tell you that it is not a good idea to trade (for daytraders) during times when only one market is open. And, its understandable too, since they make their money when you trade heavily. When only one market is open, theres a good chance youre going to 2. When the New York markets is open, by itself, during the day, traders will generally see more action than when Sydney, or Tokyo are open by themselves. Usually, London can be fairly slow too, from 4:00 AM until about 7:00 AM, but can see an uptick in volume even before New York opens, as U. S. traders wake up and login, pre-stock market. Though the New York market is open by itself from noon to 7:00 PM, noon to 5:00 PM can see movement, as many U. S. stock, option and commodity markets are open too. At the end of the day, Forex daytraders will likely want to be around mostly for hours when more than one market is open however, only having one market open doesnt mean that currencies wont move 8212 especially in the case of New York waterWhen a stone is cast in one market, the ripples will move through all 2015-11-14 00:04:00 UTC00 Americas Roundup: Dollar Gains As Consumer Sentiment Bolsters Case for fED Rate Hike-November 14th, 2015 2015-11-13 21:59:00 UTC00 Us Dollar Edges Lower, Euro Gains in Thin Volume to Hit High Since Morning 2015-11-13 21:50:00 UTC00 Sp 500 E-Mini Futures Hit Session Low 2015-11-13 21:19:00 UTC00 Fitch-Namibias bbb - Rating Is supported by steady Levels of Economic Growth and Low Levels of Public Debt Fitch-Bank of Namibias Monetary Policy Reflects Its Belief That Currency Depreciation Represents the Biggest Inflation Risk Online trading academy odds enhancers frequently asked questions. 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There is a close correlation between the sweet spots in a comprehensive MA crossover optimization and the lengths needed to achieve the desired EM length of the signaler. Because of the indirection, you may find it necessary to perform that optimization in order to find the lengths needed to realize the target time horizon in the tradescape. We did not do that here. We used the values from the first tutorial which targeted an EM length of 22 and linearly scaled both MA values for an EM length of 18. There was no optimization on YG of any kind. Moving average crossovers are all about information content. In general, there is no advantage in using the various FIR-type weighted moving averages in fact the WMA usually produces poor crossovers. Adaptive MAs are usually a bad idea for the same reason. In this analysis, as in the first tutorial, we included mostly SMA crossovers. We add two EMA crossovers for an IIR reference. Signals 6 and 9 are the EMA crossovers. Despite the lower lag, the EMA results are not surprising. It is expected given the manner in which information content is integrated in an IIR filter. The errors at the turns for signals 6 and 9 are higher than all of the SMA crossovers. SMA crossovers 4 and 7 offer lower lag and a good RRt performance. For this time period, they did well in mapping the YG market sentiment. The lower lag from signals 4 and 7 derive from the fact these use the shortest length for the central channel component, 65, as compared to 75 or 80 for the others. Place the cursor on signal 7 : The coverage errors of 20.1 may seem high, but this is very good for a crossover and sympathetic signaling. The positive and negative sentiment states signaled from the crossover correspond as well to the price movements as the selected breakout did. The trend is very good, 18, the RRt good at 5.67, and the lag at 19.6 bars is similar to the other systems. The higher scatter of the lags (8) is expected with this type of signaler. Click the system 7 point and once more zoom-in the equity curve for the signal and underlying: The upper plot contains the equity curve for system 7. The fitted trend of 18 compares favorably to the breakout system. The win rate is low 38, and the time in market is 56. The RRt improves from 2.1 to 5.7. Choose the Format Analysis Techniques. option in the TradeStation right click menu in the chart, select the TSSigEvalT8 technique, click on Status to turn it back On, and click on Format. On the Inputs tab, change the Reserved value to 0. Set the WalkFwd value at 11327. and then click OK . Systems 4 and 7 look best within the blind walkforward. The EMAs again tested with lower lag, but poorer performance. Click the system 7 point and once more zoom-in the equity curve for the signal and underlying: The blind walkforward of the MA crossover system has a robust trend of 8.2, a 35 win rate, 52 in market, and an increase in the RRt from 0.19 to 3.05. Like the breakout system, the selected MA crossover did not fare as well as the direct signaling systems. To close all Tradescape windows currently open in a single step, right click the icon on the taskbar and choose Close All Windows. Signaler Choices and a Knowledge Base Most intraday trading systems are more sophisticated than those tested here, and many enter into trades only when a specific and often complex set of conditions occur. The basic signaling algorithms used in this tutorial were included primarily for their simplicity and the fact most traders are familiar with them. There is the well-known argument that is it wise to use the simplest system possible that achieves the intended result. By entity selection, bar density selection, and targeting the optimal time horizon, it is sometimes possible to employ a basic signaling algorithm. For certain entities, there may be no bar density or time horizon where such signalers generate any benefit. To trade order with simpler signals, the trends must have a certain persistence, and their formation and decay cant be so wild and chaotic that they break the algorithm. Once one is familiar with what a given signaling system or strategy delivers in terms of time horizon and lag fraction, and how much penalty one typically pays for inaccuracy, one look at an entitys tradescape will usually tell you whether or not it is likely that it can be successfully traded with that system. Why am I seeing this page 404 means the file is not found. Jika Anda telah mengunggah file tersebut maka namanya salah eja atau ada dalam folder yang berbeda. Kemungkinan Penyebab Lain Anda mungkin mendapatkan kesalahan 404 untuk gambar karena Anda mengaktifkan Perlindungan Hot Link dan domain tidak masuk dalam daftar domain resmi. If you go to your temporary url (ip username) and get this error, there maybe a problem with the rule s Trading is an experience that can last a lifetime. Contracts for difference, or CFDs, offer traders significant advantages and access to a broad array of markets that would otherwise be off-limit to them. The popular concept of buying low and selling high seems simple, but successful trading is more difficult than this. This is a complete CFD trading guide to teach CFDs to beginners and more advanced traders. CFD Trading Basics Find out where CFDs came from and how they developed into the popular financial instrument they are today. Also see where CFDs are permitted and the types of CFDs that one can trade. This page explains what a contract for difference is and described particular points that beginners need to understand before trading CFDs. CFD Trading Basics While buying low and selling high may seem simple, theres more to understand about trading CFDs. See detailed examples of CFD trades using various underlying assets. One of the chief advantages of the CFD market is the global trading opportunities they offer. See the types of CFDs one can trade. Basic CFD Order Types Before trading CFDs, a trader needs to know the order types allowed. See an overview with a description of some basic order types. Afterwards, read detailed descriptions of 2 basic order types with examples. Stop Loss Order Read the difference between trading CFDs and shares. Although single share CFDs appear close to share trading, there are important differences to note. Share CFDs Dividends Learn how single share CFD trading works and how corporate actions work in the context of single share CFDs. Read about the differences between these two assets. While they may appear closely related, CFDs are favored by many traders due to several advantages they offer over options. CFD vs. Spread Betting Both are popular investments, especially in the UK. Read about their differences and the advantages and disadvantages of each. Both are a form of financial derivatives. Understand how they differ from one another. Bitcoin is one of the most exciting currencies in the news. Read about Bitcoin CFD trading. Costs of CFD Trading Before trading one needs to know what charges to expect. This article goes over charges and fees most brokers charge. How are CFDs Priced This article covers how the pricing of CFDs works and what to expect when purchasing a CFD. Who Trades CFDs The groups who trade CFDs may surprise you. Find out who trades CFDs and why. Head and Shoulders Pattern Explained: Part I Learn how to identify the different types of head and shoulders patterns. Qualities of a Great Trader What makes a CFD trader great Successful traders have a few common characteristics. Find out what those traits are. Creating a Trading Plan Having a trading plan is important for any financial instrument. Learn the steps and importance of stepping into CFD trading prepared. FAQs for US Residents The United States does not allow CFD trading. This page provides answer to some common questions US citizens ask about CFDs. CFD Trading Strategies Contracts for difference have revolutionized the world of online trading in an extremely short period of time. Successfully replacing traditional shares exchanges with a unique way of trading, CFD trading allows each investor to maintain a purchase of an underlying asset with less expenditure than this trader would achieve, working with traditional stockbrokers. In fact, what is important in CFDs online trading is to choose the most reputable interactive brokers. Below you can find 4 of the top CFD trading strategies available to traders: Trading Support and Resistance with CFDs Notice: most financial securities tend to change their direction, going up or down in a specific period of time. Taking into account this fluctuation, you should consider that online trading with CFDs can be beneficial. Support and resistance levels are created when either supply or demand becomes predominant in the market. Use the CFDs online trading strategies that apply limits of the support and resistance levels: Determine whether the market goes sideways: look at charts, use indicators. Check stocks sector consider a specific stock you are interested in. Make sure, that previous trend is finished: analyze the time scale. Check how many times a specific price has visited the level and turned backmake sure of the validity and strength of the support and resistance levels. It is beneficial to buy a long CFD position in the stock when the price is approaching support. A short position is preferable when the price is going up to resistance. Momentum Trading Trend Consider one of the most popular trend strategiesthe Momentum Trading. By buying a momentumbuyers push the price up. Momentum is over when the price fails to make a new high position. Buy the stock, considering uptrend signal (when the price closes higher than its moving average) and close your online trading when the price closes below the determined position. Choose 3-15 moving averages: check the overlap of twobuy the faster and shorter one. Pairs Trading with CFDs Trading pairs deal with trading on a long and short position in the same time in two related stocks, commodities, indices or currencies. Below is an example of pairs trading using stocks: Identify two potentially strong stocks that correlate, but have moved away from their usual relationship. Buy oneshort the other, benefitting from their variation. Choose interrelated pairs of the same sector: Buy Pepsi-Cola, Sell Coca-Cola. By the stock of a strong companysell the stock of the weak company. Choose sectors smart: consider their weight in the market. For instance, you can focus on the health care sector versus the materials sector if you believe that health sector will be undervalued. Short Selling and Shorting Short selling is a way of trading with CFDs that helps you to benefit from a decline in a shares price. Borrow shares you would like to short. Sell the shares on the stock market at the market price. Re-buy the shares, speculating on the lowered price and return them to the person you have borrowed from. CFD Trading Strategies A CFD is a contract between two parties, where the payment is the difference between the price of an underlying asset when the contract is opened and when it is closed. The underlying asset can be anything, from a commodity, to an equity, index or even an interest rate. CFDs give investors the opportunity to be active in the market place, without requiring ownership of an asset because they are traded on margin. A percentage of the total amount of the contract is deposited with the broker. This leverage allows traders to increase their returns and losses. Because of the use of margin, CFDs are characterized as speculative investments. The required margin depends on the CFD provider, but is often between ten and thirty per cent. As no end date is stipulated in the contract, CFDs remain open as long as the party would like. This gives investors increased control, but can also be risky as markets can be volatile and losses can increase quickly. Beyond the regular longshort position used for speculation. CFDs are often used to: Hedge CFDs are a relatively inexpensive way to hedge a portfolio Tax planning CFDs are not subject to the UK stamp tax. Tax laws in other regions may vary. Dividends if you own a CFD equity on the day it goes ex-dividend, you are entitled to the dividend. That being said, if you are the seller of the contract, you must pay out the dividend. Risk warning: Spreadbetting, CFD trading and Forex are leveraged. This means they can result in losses exceeding your original deposit. Ensure you understand the risks, seek independent financial advice if necessary. The value of shares and the income from them may go down as well as up. Nothing on this website constitutes a solicitation or recommendation to enter into any security or investment. But theyve also the five institutions here four of them have gone overseas so were potentially losing if we were. Media created the anxiety and people suffer from policies tend to lead to a huge frustration. It will not be able to boost their bottom line. 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B. top 10 binary options signals 30 second strategy Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading - Introduction The basis of almost every investment decision lies in a directional outlook on the instrument that is being invested. Investors typically buy when the outlook is bullish and sell or short when the outlook is bearish. Indeed, almost every investor know that the price of an asset either goes up, down or sideways and invest or trade according to that outlook. However, in options trading, there are actually as many as Six different directional outlooks that one can make in order to truly select the correct options strategy to use and optimise profits. This tutorial will explore all Six main directional outlooks in options trading and the corresponding options strategies for each outlook. Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading - Content Find Out How My Students Make Over 45 Per Trade, Confidently, Trading Options In The US Market Even In A Recession Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading - Overview Due to the versatility and fine degree of price targeting that can be achieved using options strategies. options traders typically adopt up to 6 different directional outlook on the underlying asset rather than just the basic 3 that most traders are concerned about. Indeed, options trading is a trading method that rewards precision and accuracy. The more precise you can be about your outlook, the better you can optimize your profits and minimize potential losses. For instance, assuming a stock is trading at 50 and a stock trader is bullish on the stock. The stock trader makes a 10 profit if the stock goes up to 60 whether or not he has expected the stock to rise to 60. However, an options trader expecting the stock to rise from 50 to 60 could make as much as three to ten times more profit than an options trader who is merely bullish on the stock with no specific target in mind. As such, the Six main directional outlook in options trading are Sustained Bullish, Moderately Bullish, Neutral, Volatile, Moderately Bearish and Sustained Bearish. Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading - Neutral Neutral outlook is a profitable outlook unique only to options trading. In stocks trading, there is no way to profit if a stock is expected to remain stagnant (except through dividends). However, in options trading, there are literally tens of ways to profit from a neutral outlook depending on the expected state of neutrality of the underlying asset. Options strategies designed to profit from a neutral stock is collectively known as Neutral Options Strategies. Neutral in options trading does not mean that the price of the underlying stock being completely still or stagnant for an extended period of time. No, that kind of situation is almost impossible as asset prices are changing every single minute. A neutral outlook in options trading simply mean expecting the price of the underlying asset to move within a horizontal price range. The more precise and accurate you can be with the width of that price range, the better you can be at optimizing profits through the use of the correct neutral options strategy suitable for that kind of price range. When you expect the price of the underlying stock to remain neutral within an extremely tight price range, you are expecting a Tight Neutral trend. when you expect the price of the underlying stock to remain neutral within a wider price range, you are expecting a Loose Neutral trend. An example of how the expected neutral price range can affect your choice of neutral options strategy is the consideration behind the use of a Butterfly Spread or Condor Spread. both neutral options strategies. If you are sure that the price of the underlying asset is going to remain almost completely still (Tight neutral trend), the Butterfly Spread would better optimize your profitability than a Condor Spread. However, if you are expecting a Loose Neutral trend, a Condor Spread would do better than a Butterfly Spread. STOCK PICK MASTER Probably The Most Accurate Stock Picks In The World. Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading - Volatile Volatile outlook is also an unique profitable outlook in options trading. Volatile means profiting no matter if the price of the underlying stock breaks out to upside or downside. Volatile options strategies are options strategies designed to profit under such conditions of uncertainty and are commonly used ahead of major news or earnings releases in order to profit from either direction depending on how the release turn out. Not only are volatile options strategies used for speculating in an uncertain price breakout but they can also be used to speculate on a property unique to options trading Implied Volatility. Implied volatility is the volatility expectation of the underlying stock reflected in the extrinsic value of its options. Extrinsic values rise as implied volatility increases and drops as implied volatility decreases. Options traders using volatile options strategies are able to profit from such rise and fall of implied volatility without any movement in the price of the underlying stock at all Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading - Moderately Bullish Options trading is a trading method that rewards precision. Being moderately bullish means that you expect the price of the underlying stock to increase to a certain pre-determined price instead of being bullish for an unknown extended period of time to an unknown high price. When you are moderately bullish, you would apply what are known as Limited Profit Bullish Options Strategies. This means that if you expect the price of the underlying stock to increase from 10 to 15, you are having a moderately bullish outlook (even though 5 gain is really very substantial. As such, the term moderately here actually means having a set price target versus expecting the price to keep rising with no limits) you would make a much better rate of return using a limited profit bullish options strategy than an unlimited profit bullish options strategy designed for sustained rallies. There are two kinds of limited profit bullish options strategies for use when you have a moderately bullish outlook Limited Risk Limited Profit and Unlimited Risk Limited Profit. Bullish options strategies with limited risk and limited profit are typically debit spread strategies that profit only if the price of the underlying stock rises beyond a certain breakeven point. However, bullish options strategies with unlimited risk and limited profit are typically credit strategies that profit not only when the price of the underlying stock rises but typically also when the price of the underlying stock remains stagnant Yes, two directions at the same time (with the drawback of having an unlimited risk potential of course, nothing is perfect in options trading). Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading - Sustained Bullish Sustained bullish is when you expect the price of a stock to move higher perpetually. There are stocks such as gold based funds that generally do well over a long period of time and when you expect a stock to rise without any predetermined price limit, usually for the mid to long term, you would apply what are known as Unlimited Profit Bullish options strategies. Unlimited profit strategies mean that the value of the options position will rise as long as the price of the underlying stock keep rising. The simplest of unlimited profit bullish options strategies would be of course the Long Call strategy where you simply buy a longer term call option and hold on to it. The challenge when you have a sustained bullish outlook on a stock is usually which expiration month to buy the options on. Of course the sensible thing to do would be to buy as far out as you expect the price of the underlying stock to rally for. Sometimes you may expect an explosive move within the next month with no set target to topside. In this case, you could also use an unlimited profit bullish options strategy on the nearest expiration month to profit from it. As such, sustained bullish outlook also applies when you expect an extremely strong short term bullish move with no set topside price target. Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading - Moderately Bearish Moderately Bearish outlook is of the same nature as a moderately bullish outlook. Being moderately bearish means that you expect the price of the underlying stock to decrease to a certain pre-determined price instead of being bearish for an unknown extended period of time to an unknown lower price. When you are moderately bearish, you would apply what are known as Limited Profit Bearish Options Strategies. This means that if you expect the price of the underlying stock to decrease from 60 to 55, you are having a moderately bearish outlook (even though 5 drop is really very substantial. As such, the term moderately here actually means having a set price target versus expecting the price to keep dropping with no limits) you would make a much better rate of return using a limited profit bearish options strategy than an unlimited profit bearish options strategy designed for sustained declines. There are two kinds of limited profit bearish options strategies for use when you have a moderately bearish outlook Limited Risk Limited Profit and Unlimited Risk Limited Profit. Bearish options strategies with limited risk and limited profit are typically debit spread strategies that profit only if the price of the underlying stock drops beyond a certain breakeven point. However, bearish options strategies with unlimited risk and limited profit are typically credit strategies that profit not only when the price of the underlying stock drops but typically also when the price of the underlying stock remains stagnant Yes, two directions at the same time (with the drawback of having an unlimited risk potential of course, nothing is perfect in options trading). Six Main Directional Outlooks in Options Trading - Sustained Bearish Sustained bearish is when you expect the price of a stock to move lower perpetually. When you expect the price of a stock to drop without any predetermined price limit, usually for the mid to long term, you would apply what are known as Unlimited Profit Bearish options strategies. Unlimited profit bearish options strategies mean that the value of the options position will rise as long as the price of the underlying stock keep dropping. The simplest of unlimited profit bearish options strategies would be of course the Long Put strategy where you simply buy a longer term put option and hold on to it. Of course, unlike a rally where there is no limit to how high the price of a stock can rise to, the price of a stock can only drop to zero. As such, there is technically a limit to how low a stock can drop even though you may hold a Sustained Bearish outlook. Like the sustained bullish outlook, the challenge when you have a sustained bearish outlook on a stock is usually which expiration month to buy the put options on. Of course the sensible thing to do would be to buy as far out as you expect the price of the underlying stock to drop for. Sometimes you may expect an explosive move within the next month with no set target to downside. In this case, you could also use an unlimited profit bearish options strategy on the nearest expiration month to profit from it. As such, sustained bearish outlook also applies when you expect an extremely strong short term bearish move with no set downside price target. By Adam Milton. Day Trading Expert The moving average bounce trading system uses a short term timeframe and a single exponential moving average. and trades the price moving away from, reversing, and then bouncing off of the moving average. Moving averages smooth the price, so that short term fluctuations are removed, and the overall direction is shown. When the price experiences a strong move, it will have a tendency to retrace back to the moving average, but then continue the original move, and it is this bounce that is used by the moving average bounce trading system. The default trade uses a 1 to 5 minute OHLC (Open, High, Low, and Close) bar chart, and a 34 bar exponential moving average of the typical price (HLC average). Both the chart timeframe, and the exponential moving average length, can be adjusted to suit different markets. The default trading time is when the market is most active, such as the European open which happens at 8:00 AM Central European Time, or the US open which happens at 9:30 AM Eastern Time, or at 3:30 PM Central European Time. The following tutorial steps use the EUR futures market. but exactly the same steps should be used on whichever markets you are trading with this trade. The trade used in the tutorial is a long trade, using 1 contract, with a target of 10 ticks, and a stop loss of 5 ticks. Trading Binary Options: Strategies and Tactics An essential guide to the fast growing area of binary options Long the province of professional traders, binary options are now offered to retail investors through the North American Derivative Exchange (Nadex) and a growing group of online brokerages. Now, with this new book, author Abe Cofnas explains how independent traders and investors can use binary options to speculate on price movements and global events. The great appeal of binary options is that they are less complex than conventional options and provide a simple method to trade based on an opinion of where the market is headed over a certain period of time. Engaging and informative, this reliable guide reveals how binary options work, what are the best binary options trading strategies, and when to use them. Identifies the various markets in which binaries are available Offers insights on how binary options allow for opportunities to speculate on the direction of a market and receive a substantial payout Provides suggestions as to which markets provide the best liquidity and lowest trade execution expenses As the first book solely devoted to this topic, Binary Options will provide retail traders with an authoritative guide to trading this exciting new market. Trading Binary Options: Strategies and Tactics An essential guide to the fast growing area of binaryoptions Long the province of professional traders, binary options arenow offered to retail investors through the North AmericanDerivative Exchange (Nadex) and a growing group of onlinebrokerages. Now, with this new book, author Abe Cofnas explains howindependent traders and investors can use binary options tospeculate on price movements and global events. The great appeal of binary options is that they are less complexthan conventional options and provide a simple method to tradebased on an opinion of where the market is headed over a certainperiod of time. Engaging and informative, this reliable guidereveals how binary options work, what are the best binary optionstrading strategies, and when to use them. Identifies the various markets in which binaries areavailable Offers insights on how binary options allow for opportunitiesto speculate on the direction of a market and receive a substantialpayout Provides suggestions as to which markets provide the bestliquidity and lowest trade execution expenses As the first book solely devoted to this topic, BinaryOptions will provide retail traders with an authoritative guideto trading this exciting new market. An essential guide to the fast growing area of binary options Long the province of professional traders, binary options are now offered to retail investors through the North American Derivative Exchange (Nadex) and a growing group of online brokerages. Now, with this new book, author Abe Cofnas explains how independent traders and investors can use binary options to speculate on price movements and global events. The great appeal of binary options is that they are less complex than conventional options and provide a simple method to trade based on an opinion of where the market is headed over a certain period of time. Engaging and informative, this reliable guide reveals how binary options work, what are the best binary options trading strategies, and when to use them. Identifies the various markets in which binaries are available Offers insights on how binary options allow for opportunities to speculate on the direction of a market and receive a substantial payout Provides suggestions as to which markets provide the best liquidity and lowest trade execution expenses As the first book solely devoted to this topic, Binary Options will provide retail traders with an authoritative guide to trading this exciting new market. From the Inside Flap Long the province of financial professionals, binary options are now available to retail traders and investors. With trading volumes quickly growing and new markets for binary option plays coming on board, the simple structure of this product allows you to trade in over 20 different underlying markets, from currencies to indexes to commodities. Now, in Trading Binary Options, author Abe Cofnas151a leader in the field of currency trading, analysis, and training151reveals how the average person can achieve above-average returns on a weekly basis, using specific strategies and tactics in their binary option trading endeavors. While there are many variations to this type of trading, this reliable resource focuses on the regulatory approved weekly binary option trades of the North American Derivative Exchange (Nadex). Chapter by chapter, it takes you through the basic features of the binary option instrument as well as provides a detailed review of fundamental and technical analysis useful to making trading decisions. And, due to the fact that trading can no longer be separated from the Internet and the social media it has generated, new online tools and techniques for detecting market sentiment are also addressed. Along the way, youll gain valuable insights from real-world examples of how to scan the political and economic news and formulate appropriate binary option trading strategies. Case studies of binary option trading in relationship to key news events that we have recently lived through are fully explored151from U. S. Congressional elections and the Greek sovereign risk crisis to the turmoil in the Middle East and the earthquake that rocked Japan. Key trading strategiesare also reviewed with examples that include: At-the-Money Out-of-the-Money In-the-Money, Deep In-the-Money and Deep Out-of-the-Money. Rounding out this detailed discussion of binary options are four information packed appendices. Here, specific training challenges are provided, including a test of your trading knowledge, as well as details on Nadex contract specifications. As the first book solely devoted to this topic, TradingBinary Options offers comprehensive coverage of this discipline. It will show you what it takes to capture consistent profits when trading binaryoptions151by anticipating market direction, understanding risk management, and effectively entering and exiting trades151and help you hone the types of skills that will allow you to excel in todays dynamic market environment. From the Back Cover Trading Binary Options x22Are you interested in trading but dont like to wait weeks and months for a return Are you following news events and want to financially benefit from your knowledge Or maybe you are new to trading and want to participate but avoid the long learning curve in mastering trading skills. If these questions are on your mind, this book is for you. x22 151From the Preface Binary option trading is one of todays fastest growing areas of finance. The greatappeal of binary options is that they are less complex than conventional optionsand provide a simple method to trade based on an opinion of where the marketis headed over a certain period of time151one week at the most. In Trading Binary Options, author Abe Cofnas puts this exciting new product inperspective, and shows individual investors and traders how it works, when to use it, and what strategies are most effective. While there are many variations to this typeof trading, this reliable resource focuses on the regulatory approved weekly binary option trades of the North American Derivative Exchange (Nadex). Engaging and informative, Trading Binary Options:Provides insights on how binary options allow for opportunities to speculate on the direction of a market and receive a substantial payout Identifies the various markets in which binaries are availableOffers suggestions as to which markets provide the best liquidity and lowest trade execution expenses If youre looking to get more out of todays markets, look no further than binary options. With Trading Binary Options as your guide, youll quickly discover how specific strategies and tactics will allow you to capture consistent profits on a weekly basis. About the Author Abe Cofnas has been the forex trading columnist for Futures magazine since 2001 and has writtenover 100 columns on forex trading strategies and tactics. He is also the author of three Wiley titles, Sentiment Indicators, The Forex Trading Course, and The Forex Options Course. He has, for over two decades, provided fundamental and technical analysis on trading strategies in currencies and inter-markets. He is the founder of learn4x, which provides private coaching and seminars on currency trading. In 2008, he formed FXDimensions Inc. a third-party trading system and signal development company that has pioneered the concept of algos that detect trader behavioral patterns. He is a recognized expert in technical analysis and has lectured in London and Dubai (with appearances on CNBC Arabia) and continues to work with students and businesses abroad. Cofnas generates weekly alerts on binary options for Agora Financials Strategic Currency Trader newsletter. He holds a masters in political science and a masters in public policy from the Graduate School of Political Science, University of California, and the Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, respectively. Welcome to Xforex Trade. the 1 resource for Forex. Binary Options. and Commodity Trading platform reviews. Binary options is one of the newest and best ways to make money online. Feel free to browse our vast options trading database to learn about binary trading tips and strategies and the best brokers. UPDATE: Do not miss our new database of binary options trading videos. Here you can see, as promised, our uncut and unedited videos of us trading. Watch Over 60 Minutes of Proven Make Money Binary Trading Strategy. 1000 Made in 28 Minutes Binary Options Trading Strategy and 1250 Made in 5 Minutes with Riding the Trend Strategy. Many more will be updated shortly We are now updating daily with our very own binary options analysis. Read our binary options technical analysis, how to trade binary options. which is updated daily to find out what to trade and how. Our brokers release their trading tips daily of what they will be trading. This is a MUST READ for anyone looking for accurate options trading signals. Sign up for our Newsletter on the right to get up-to date information on how to make money via strategies and technical analysis with a financial forecast of which binary options to trade. Click on the following tabs to quickly learn more about Binary Options, Commodity trading, and an excellent summary for beginners about what the difference is between the forex binary options market and the stock market. Since you can find a large number of brokers today, we have listed here only the best binary options brokers and the best Forex brokers which were reviewed by us and ranked by our users. Finally if you deposit right now 500 with our top binary options broker TRADERUSH then we will give you access to our FREE binary options trading strategy e-book which will show you how we changed a 500 deposit into over 12,000 Our binary options trading technique will show you how to make money fast from home. Secrets of Binary Trading If you are looking for ways to make money online, then you have come to the right place. Binary options trading is a liquid trading market which involves traders and investors around the globe. Investors and traders participate in the Foreign Exchange Market through the Internet and here on xforextrade. Options trading can be practiced anywhere from a home based business which can be pursued by an individual or by massive hedge funds. New investors and traders are coming to the binary option market via electronic and online means. The online binary trading market does not work like stock trading. It has day traders which buy or sell foreign exchange, commodity, and stock through broker platforms. Binary options trading has surged in popularity recently as it can offer quick ways to make money. Stocks and futures are traded through exchanges and are conducted by market makers of major banks. Big and small brokerage firms are located around the world which makes markets run 24 hours 5 days a week. It is open to the financial network which earns billions of dollars daily in average turnover. Options trading includes trading of currency in pairs or forex. EUR USD is an ideal pair for the Foreign Exchange Market. The buyer of EURUSD pair is about buying Eurodollar and selling US dollar at the same time. Traders can lose just like in any other market. The reason for loses varies but in the majority of cases it is a result due to lack of good binary trading means. This is followed up with risk management principles and sound money practice which are lead by undisciplined trading behaviors. Incorrect mindsets and motives for the forex market also play a large part in loses. Understanding the market trend and what role they play in a traders life is followed with the notion that the trend is your friend. Options trading is a wild wild west so it can create a lot of confusion, but the strategies and tactics can be skilfully learned through the various articles online and through experience. This information is known by some traders. The foreign exchange markets requires determination, regulation and will power. The binary market leverages strength which can be excessive by arranging a correct and suitable trading strategy which is a blend of combinations and indicators. The indicators and studies calculate the trends, support and confrontations in the binary market. More over, the binary options market is not magical. It deals with human psychology. You can better understand the supply and demand through various tools that are offered. Every trade market has its own peculiarities. Understanding the basics of human feelings and what drives the markets will help you succeed. It is a fact that the daily market controls 95 of emotions of live traders. Trading binary options is advantageous comparatively with other kinds of financial instrument such as commodities, bonds and stocks - it is risky in the sense that any market is risky, but in actuality binary trading is less risky that other markets in that the prediction is only a call or a put. It is recommended to understand the basic binary options knowledge and terms which are used. These basics can be learned right here on xforextrade through the vast literature and online resources that we provide If you are looking to make money from home, and open up a new trading career that can add extra income for you, than watch our video and start to trade binary options today Binary Options - A growing trend in the market. Why is market trading so difficult Many traders dont realize that the reason they fail in the stock market or in the forex market is because there are so many variables to keep track of in order to make a profit in a trade. Usually in a market trade, there is an entrance price, a target level, and a stop loss. In order to make money with the trade the price needs to reach your target without hitting the stop loss. Often what happens is that the price moves in the direction of the target, almost reaches it, but then falls back down and hits the stop loss. In this case, you almost could have made money, but it just didnt quite get there and you lose money on the trade. Even worse (psychologically) is when the price falls triggering your stop loss and then jumps back over your target price. There is no profit in this trade as well. There are many different variables that are involved with in order to make money off of a trade and that adds to the complexity of being successful in these markets. Binary trading offers a unique system whereby you can get rid of all the in between details, and all you need to know in order to win on a bid is whether the trade price will be above or below your entry position by the end of a certain time period. If you are looking for ways to make money then binary options can be an excellent way to get supplemental income. With options trading, you only need to guess the direction of the market - up or down, even by one pip. Getting the market trend correct means you win. Getting the market wrong means you lose. In traditional trading you need to guess the direction and in addition you also need to guess the amount that the market will move in that direction I. e. your target. In addition there is the problem as mentioned before when your stop loss is reached before your target is reached. All these extra variables make trading more difficult. With binary options, Forex, Stocks, indices and commodities can be traded on the same platform. Binary Options trading simplifies the trading process in the following manner: After having analyzed a Forex chart, for example, Euro vs. Dollar, you believe that price is going to be above the current market price by the end of the day. Then you would buy a call option. It doesnt matter if at the end of the day the market is up by 1 pip or 100 pip - if you predicted the market trend correctly then you win. You can choose the time limit of the binary options trend choice whether it be an hour, day or week. Now with some of our top binary options brokers, you can make 60 second trade. The phrase make money online is given a whole new definition with this amazing new option that platforms are offering. The unique part about binary trading is that you decide your time period of the trade. If the market closes and your prediction was correct, then you win. Again it doesnt matter how much you were correct. If you believed that the market would close below current market prices by the end of your time period, then you would buy a put option. Its either up or down. Again, it is important to emphasize that if you predict the correct trend correctly you make money. If you get it wrong you lose money. The most significant part of binary options is that your winloss ratio is significantly improved since predicting the overall market direction is much easier than predicting everything - the correct direction, entry point, target and stop loss. The binary option market gives you only two options, call and puts. In addition to regular binary trading there are also one touch binary options. There can be tremendous returns on this type of option. What one touch means is that if you believe that the market will touch a certain point, whether it be up or down (call or put) then you win. The returns on these types of options investments can be massive and up to 350. The best part about options trading is that your risk is 100 controlled since you only loose what you have defined for a particular trade. For example, lets say you want to invest 100 that before the trading period is over the price will reach a certain level. If it does you win, and if the market doesnt you lose. Its that simple In addition you can make 350 the amount of initial investment. This is a massive win ratio. Furthermore, traders do not need to be concerned with stop losses. The market could drop, and then shoot back up, and trader could still win. Alternatively, a trader can decide to buy a put and at the end of the options trading period, if the market is below what the entry price was, the trader wins. Binary options simplify the markets greatly. One of the best parts about it is that the game is reduced to one single question. Will price go up, or will it go down Join today and youll be part of a vast network of traders who make money online. What are Commodities and How to Trade Them Binary options commodity trading can be learned according to the latest market trends. Heres how to understand commodity trading: Trade is conducted successfully when the trend is your friend. Its an old proverb which suits trading. Here the market trend is emphasized. Market trends are emphasized because of numerous reasons, but a fundamental reason is the price of a commodity which can be increased or decreased due to the supply and demand. It is a simple concept due to which a rise or decrease in price can be observed for the most part. The supply and demand for a commodity is the root cause behind the set price of a good. This is the latest trend in the trade market which helps people traders move ahead in their careers. A commodity is a basic traded good having numerous common properties. Previously it consisted of primary goods, i. E. goods which are not processed. Wheat and copper are good examples to understand what a commodity is. In order to trade commodities, there are international standards used for buying or selling. How to trade commodities according to trends Price charts helps you know what is happening in the commodity market. Charts will also help you develop an understanding of how to become successful a trader. Keeping an eagles eye on the price chart for an absolute time span will help you draw your supply and demand chart and the price chart for your commodity. A price chart is the source to reveal price trends. These charts are similar to reading forex charts. More importantly, price charts are eligible only for some time or different time frames, it varies according to the market trends. Interestingly, for commodity and future day traders, a long term trends time varies from 60 minutes or 24 hours. Moreover, for swing futures, the time span can be prolonged to a couple of days or a week possibly. For position traders particularly, the price trend can be measured for a month or 6 months time period. By observing the commodity perspectives, you can learn all about commodity trends. It will reveal the most effective factor of commodity trading aspects: time. Correct time to observe the commodities market and then entering and exiting respectively can make your efforts successful without losing a penny. How does trend trading effect commodity trading Now, one can establish learning and observing by using chart patterns to understand and execute trends of different commodities in a specific market. A commodity price chart can also be helpful to know when and how to exit markets based on resistance and support points or areas. If trending is high, you must look for the last support point to place a stop-loss order. A stop-loss order identifies you and your broker. It will tell you at which point you have to exit a market. This usually happens when market trends move against your position and the price chart takes a downturn. It can cause a money loss. For commodity trading money management is a necessary skill which will help you in futures contracts. It is extremely difficult to learn commodity trading completely especially when you are a beginner. So as we always recommend do your research Furthermore this is one of the main reasons why we suggest for beginner traders to move over to binary options as the market trends and requirements for making money are far easier to understand. Binary Vs Stock Binary Options Trading Vs Stock Trading: Unlike the stock market, the binary options market is an over the counter (OVC) market without a central place where the actual currency trade occurs. The binary forex market is considered one of the largest and most liquid financial markets globally. There is no clearing house to match the orders in options trading. Years ago, forex was only open to hedge funds and banks and it was not accessible for retail traders or investors. The trend has changed and in recent years it has opened up to investors as well through various binary options brokers Stock trading is older than options trading. With recent advancements in technology it has become easier to access retail traders to trade stock and foreign currency from any part of the world. With the help of the Internet it has become easier to access these markets and the low commission has greatly increased the winning odds for traders. This privilege is offered in both binary option and stock trading. To establish a conclusion it is necessary to compare the odds and benefits of retail stock trading with binary trading. Type of investment - Binary Option vs Stock: The commodities which are bought and sold in options trading and stock markets are entirely different. In stock trading specifically, a trader is directly buying or selling a share in a particular organization of a country. As far as stock markets are concerned there are many types of stock markets around the globe. Numerous factors are responsible for the rise and fall of stock price. Binary trading is about trading currencies, stock or commodities from another country. In a forex transaction for example, a retail trader purchases a currency from a country and sells that currency to another and the trader expects to earn profit on whatever currency he has bought, with respect to the currency he sells. Forex trading is about betting on economic prospects of one nation against another nation. Contrastingly, binary options forex trading is simply about determining whether the price of a given currency will go up or down from the purchased price. Thus the trader isnt looking to buy or sell a currency, but purchasing either a call or put based on whether he or she believes the currency pair will rise or fall Liquidity and Size of the market: Foreign exchange is larger than any trading market. An estimate of over US 4 trillion in daily transactions is conducted. It absolutely dwarfs stock markets. In stock markets thousands of stocks are made available, but currency pairs in forex are few. Hence forex is less leveled to price manipulation by big players in comparison to the stock market. Forex offers liquidity due to huge market volume as opposed to the stock market and thus offers better price spreads to retail traders The foreign exchange market is open 24 hours while the NY stock market opens at 9:30 am EST and closes at 4pm EST. This shows the flexibility which is offered by currency markets. Another disadvantage of the stock market is that they are open to market makers for pre-market hours from 8:30 am to 9:20 am. Also the post market hours starts from 4:30 pm to 6:30 pm EST. These pre and post market hours are actually peak hours when the majority of the organizations release their earning results which impact stock prices rate. Last but not least, while dealing in stocks a retail trader needs to have a good amount of capital in order to really see a ROI (return on investment) however options trading can be initiated with only a 250 deposit and the profits can be up to 85. All in all binary options are more flexible than the stock market. The above information reflects the viability of binary trading in comparison to stock trading. All traders must understand that there is inherent risk when investing in any market. Trading Binary Options: Strategies and Tactics Abe Cofnas, Trading Binary Options: Strategies and Tactics 2012 ISBN: 0470952849 256 pages PDF 4 MB An essential guide to the fast growing area of binary options Long the province of professional traders, binary options are now offered to retail investors through the North American Derivative Exchange (Nadex) and a growing group of online brokerages. Now, with this new book, author Abe Cofnas explains how independent traders and investors can use binary options to speculate on price movements and global events. The great appeal of binary options is that they are less complex than conventional options and provide a simple method to trade based on an opinion of where the market is headed over a certain period of time. Engaging and informative, this reliable guide reveals how binary options work, what are the best binary options trading strategies, and when to use them. Identifies the various markets in which binaries are available Offers insights on how binary options allow for opportunities to speculate on the direction of a market and receive a substantial payout Provides suggestions as to which markets provide the best liquidity and lowest trade execution expenses As the first book solely devoted to this topic, Binary Options will provide retail traders with an authoritative guide to trading this exciting new market. Trading Binary Options. Strategies and Tactics An essential guide to the fast growing area of binary options Long the province of professional traders, binary options are now offered to retail investors through the North American Derivative Exchange (Nadex) and a growing group of online brokerages. Now, with this new book, author Abe Cofnas explains how independent traders and investors can use binary options to speculate on price movements and global events. The great appeal of binary options is that they are less complex than conventional options and provide a simple method to trade based on an opinion of where the market is headed over a certain period of time. Engaging and informative, this reliable guide reveals how binary options work, what are the best binary options trading strategies, and when to use them. Identifies the various markets in which binaries are available Offers insights on how binary options allow for opportunities to speculate on the direction of a market and receive a substantial payout Provides suggestions as to which markets provide the best liquidity and lowest trade execution expenses As the first book solely devoted to this topic, Binary Options will provide retail traders with an authoritative guide to trading this exciting new market. Back cover copy Trading Binary Options 034Are you interested in trading but don039t like to wait weeks and months for a return Are you following news events and want to financially benefit from your knowledge Or maybe you are new to trading and want to participate but avoid the long learning curve in mastering trading skills. If these questions are on your mind, this book is for you.034 --From the Preface Binary option trading is one of today039s fastest growing areas of finance. The greatappeal of binary options is that they are less complex than conventional optionsand provide a simple method to trade based on an opinion of where the marketis headed over a certain period of time--one week at the most. In Trading Binary Options, author Abe Cofnas puts this exciting new product inperspective, and shows individual investors and traders how it works, when to use it, and what strategies are most effective. While there are many variations to this typeof trading, this reliable resource focuses on the regulatory approved weekly binary option trades of the North American Derivative Exchange (Nadex). Engaging and informative, Trading Binary Options: Provides insights on how binary options allow for opportunities to speculate on the direction of a market and receive a substantial payout Identifies the various markets in which binaries are availableOffers suggestions as to which markets provide the best liquidity and lowest trade execution expenses And much more If you039re looking to get more out of today039s markets, look no further than binary options. With Trading Binary Options as your guide, you039ll quickly discover how specific strategies and tactics will allow you to capture consistent profits on a weekly basis. Long the province of financial professionals, binary options are now available to retail traders and investors. With trading volumes quickly growing and new markets for binary option plays coming on board, the simple structure of this product allows you to trade in over 20 different underlying markets, from currencies to indexes to commodities. Now, in Trading Binary Options, author Abe Cofnas--a leader in the field of currency trading, analysis, and training--reveals how the average person can achieve above-average returns on a weekly basis, using specific strategies and tactics in their binary option trading endeavors. While there are many variations to this type of trading, this reliable resource focuses on the regulatory approved weekly binary option trades of the North American Derivative Exchange (Nadex). Chapter by chapter, it takes you through the basic features of the binary option instrument as well as provides a detailed review of fundamental and technical analysis useful to making trading decisions. And, due to the fact that trading can no longer be separated from the Internet and the social media it has generated, new online tools and techniques for detecting market sentiment are also addressed. Along the way, you039ll gain valuable insights from real-world examples of how to scan the political and economic news and formulate appropriate binary option trading strategies. Case studies of binary option trading in relationship to key news events that we have recently lived through are fully explored--from U. S. Congressional elections and the Greek sovereign risk crisis to the turmoil in the Middle East and the earthquake that rocked Japan. Key trading strategiesare also reviewed with examples that include: At-the-Money Out-of-the-Money In-the-Money, Deep In-the-Money and Deep Out-of-the-Money. Rounding out this detailed discussion of binary options are four information packed appendices. Here, specific training challenges are provided, including a test of your trading knowledge, as well as details on Nadex contract specifications. As the first book solely devoted to this topic, TradingBinary Options offers comprehensive coverage of this discipline. It will show you what it takes to capture consistent profits when trading binaryoptions--by anticipating market direction, understanding risk management, and effectively entering and exiting trades--and help you hone the types of skills that will allow you to excel in today039s dynamic market environment. About Abe Cofnas Abe Cofnas has been the forex trading columnist for Futures magazine since 2001 and has writtenover 100 columns on forex trading strategies and tactics. He is also the author of three Wiley titles, Sentiment Indicators, The Forex Trading Course, and The Forex Options Course. He has, for over two decades, provided fundamental and technical analysis on trading strategies in currencies and inter-markets. He is the founder of learn4x, which provides private coaching and seminars on currency trading. In 2008, he formed FXDimensions Inc. a third-party trading system and signal development company that has pioneered the concept of algos that detect trader behavioral patterns. He is a recognized expert in technical analysis and has lectured in London and Dubai (with appearances on CNBC Arabia) and continues to work with students and businesses abroad. Cofnas generates weekly alerts on binary options for Agora Financial039s Strategic Currency Trader newsletter. He holds a master039s in political science and a master039s in public policy from the Graduate School of Political Science, University of California, and the Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, respectively. Trading Binary Options: Strategies and Tactics An essential guide to the fast growing area of binary options Long the province of professional traders, binary options are now offered to retail investors through the North American Derivative Exchange (Nadex) and a growing group of online brokerages. Now, with this new book, author Abe Cofnas explains how independent traders and investors can use binary options to speculate on price movements and global events. The great appeal of binary options is that they are less complex than conventional options and provide a simple method to trade based on an opinion of where the market is headed over a certain period of time. Engaging and informative, this reliable guide reveals how binary options work, what are the best binary options trading strategies, and when to use them. Identifies the various markets in which binaries are available Offers insights on how binary options allow for opportunities to speculate on the direction of a market and receive a substantial payout Provides suggestions as to which markets provide the best liquidity and lowest trade execution expenses As the first book solely devoted to this topic, Binary Options will provide retail traders with an authoritative guide to trading this exciting new market. Trading Binary Options: Strategies and Tactics Abe Cofnas, Trading Binary Options: Strategies and Tactics English ISBN: 0470952849 256 256 pages PDF 4 MB An essential guide to the fast growing area of binary options Long the province of professional traders, binary options are now offered to retail investors through the North American Derivative Exchange (Nadex) and a growing group of online brokerages. Now, with this new book, author Abe Cofnas explains how independent traders and investors can use binary options to speculate on price movements and global events. The great appeal of binary options is that they are less complex than conventional options and provide a simple method to trade based on an opinion of where the market is headed over a certain period of time. Engaging and informative, this reliable guide reveals how binary options work, what are the best binary options trading strategies, and when to use them. Identifies the various markets in which binaries are available Offers insights on how binary options allow for opportunities to speculate on the direction of a market and receive a substantial payout Provides suggestions as to which markets provide the best liquidity and lowest trade execution expenses As the first book solely devoted to this topic, Binary Options will provide retail traders with an authoritative guide to trading this exciting new market. By John Russell. Forex Trading Expert Forex trading is one of those things that can seem really subjective. Everyone has their own preferences on how to get the job done. I dont think I can say for sure that there is an absolutely right way, but there is many wrong ways. Continue Reading Below This is one of my favorite methods because you arent left hinging on every pip up or down. You work over many days, or months and set big targets and wide stops. You still need to trade small as a beginner, particularly because on these charts moves can be thousands of pips. so you need to plan accordingly. However, the movement is so slow that it lessens the emotion if you are trading with care. There are several different ways to do automated forex trading. You can depend on signals given by a signal provider or simply run an expert advisor on an install of metatrader that trades based on preprogrammed signals. I dont personally care much for automated trading as its pretty difficult to find a good system that survives in most market environments. I consider automated trading something that is good as an alternative strategy that you run alongside your real trading strategy. If you plan on engaging with automated forex trading, make sure to keep it a small part of your trading plan. Dont wager large amounts on software with a slick sales page. Unless youve seen results for yourself, nothing is guaranteed. No matter how you plan to trade, you need to keep your emotions in check, watch your risk, and be honest with yourself when you are having trouble. Even professional traders dont like to admit when they are having a losing streak, or what is causing it, but it only hurts your bottom line when you dont face problems. Thats a bit of a general business principle, but it strongly applies to trading. Forex trading will eat you up and spit you out if you dont handle yourself and your trades properly. Did you find this article helpful You can contact me at forextrading64aboutguide or follow me on Facebook How To Trade In Stock Market Online Watch a Movie During Treatment CFD CFD. , , , (CFD), , . Markets 2000. LIBOR 3,0. CFD, , LIBOR -2,5. 3. . 2. , . ,. , SP 500, , 100 874,25. 100 , SP 500 874,25 875,25 100, 874,25 873,25 100. : 100 SP 874,25 ( 87.425) Pyramiding strategy forex, buy instant dashi stock. Jan 12, 2015. The Forex pyramid trading strategy youre about to learn will greatly increase your chances of making consistent returns as a Forex trader. By Nial Fuller in Forex Trading Strategies 111 Comments. Special Note. Note scaling in is the same thing as adding to a position or pyramiding in. Youve. By Nial Fuller in Forex Trading Strategies 111 Comments. Special Note. Note scaling in is the same thing as adding to a position or pyramiding in. You ve. 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January 3, 2014 by Bogdan G Full Review of the Strategy Tester for Binary Options Trading We talked many times before about the importance of testing an indicator or a strategy before putting your money on the line and trusting that indicator in real market conditions. After all, if you invest in shoes, you try them out first, right So why not do the same with an indicator or strategy Even if that indicator is free, you are still risking your money when you trade Binary Options based on its signals. One way to test a strategy is to paper trade by scrolling back your charts and looking for signals according to whatever indicator or strategy you want to test. But this way is sometimes subjective because you can see the whole chart and you can be influenced by that: you may bend the rules a little because by seeing the chart you know the outcome of a trade taken at that particular moment. What I am going to explain today is a way of testing strategies as if you were trading in real time. It is the most accurate type of testing you will ever come across and its a perfect training ground for new and seasoned traders. It is also Free. But you have to pay something though Attention. Because it can be tricky to set up. How to use the Strategy Tester First of all, this is a tool available in the Meta Trader 4 platform so your first step should be to get your hands on one of those (MT4 demo platforms are easily and freely available from Forex brokers). To use the Strategy Tester, you will need to open a chart of the pair you want to test on and attach to it one of the default EAs (Expert Advisors) available in the MT4 platform. These default EAs are usually called MACD Sample or Moving Average. Drag and drop (or double click) any one of those on the chart I spoke of. Clear so far Heres a pic: A small window will open, allowing you to choose the settings for the EA. It has zero importance because you wont be testing the EA itself so dont change anything and click OK. Get your coffee, the hard part is just beginning. Next, you will have to click on the Strategy Tester button which should be close to the Navigator, to the right, but some platforms dont have it there by default so you wont see it. Dont hit the Panic Button Just press F6 and you will see the Strategy Tester window finally pop out. Its either a window similar to the one in my picture below or it will be attached to the bottom of your platform. Now you will see a lot of settings which you can adjust: Looking from top down, left to right, we have the following tabs: Expert Advisor. the EA you used to get the Strategy Tester working. You dont have to make any modifications. Symbol. the name of the pair the test will run on. Choose which one you like or just leave unchanged if you initially opened the chart of your desired pair. Method. By default it is set to Every tick. You should use this setting because its the most accurate and reproduces almost exactly the market conditions. Use date. Check it and select the period you want to test (starting date and ending date) Visual mode. Check it. Moving to the middle column, you will see: Period. Choose the time frame you want to test Spread. Not important leave unchanged Optimization. Must be unchecked. On the right column you dont have to change anything and the only important button there is the Start. Make sure everything is set up correctly and hit it. Once you do that, a new chart of the chosen pair will open starting from the date you selected. Now you will see that price is moving exactly as it does in normal market conditions. You have just gone back in time and now you control the market well, not really, but you can adjust the speed of the movement and you can hit pause if you need to go get beer and peanuts. The last thing you have to do is to add your desired indicators or template if you have one. Why does the Strategy Tester Suck The whole process of setting it up is pretty complicated as I am sure you noticed, but after youve done it once, it gets easier. So I have a clear answer to the question Why it Sucks: It Doesnt. What could suck about being able to test your strategy using real data, without being influenced by the fact that you see the candles on the right Why the Strategy tester doesnt Suck Its the closest you can get to real market trading. Call it Demo trading on steroids, call it whatever, but its one of the best ways to train yourself and see how good your strategy really is without losing money. The data used for the simulation comes from the history of your MT4 so it is the same data you would have used if you were trading at the time in other words, the most accurate available. Simulators are used everywhere so why shouldnt we We arent looking for the foreign currencies with one heavily. 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Below is a short summary on each of the advanced options and how you can use it to tweak your personal pip goal plan. Trading Weeks - Enter the number of weeks per year you want to devote to training. The default is 50, assuming you are planning two weeks of vacation. Feel free to play with this though. For example entering 40 would tell you how many pips per day you need to earn if you take 12 weeks off per year Trading Days - Similiar to trading weeks above but for days. This is per week. The default is 5, assuming you take the weekend off. Want to take Fridays off Enter in 4. Want to work the Japan session on Sundays Enter in 6. Dollars Per Pip - I put this one in mainly for mini-account traders. The default is for regular sized lots of 100k (10 USD per pip). So for example if you have a mini-account of 10k and a pip is worth 1 USD you can enter 1 here. Lots per Trade - As traders get more advanced they tend to use the same strategies but with more lots. 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Learn more about forex calculator when you watch this video. Darth Vaders armor Following his near-fatal duel with Obi-Wan Kenobi on Mustafar in 19 BBY. Darth Vader received a mobile life support system encased in a suit of distinctive black armor. Darth Vaders armor ( serial number: E-3778Q-1 ) was designed to maintain and protect the young Sith apprentices charred body while exuding an air of intimidation and control. His suit followed an ancient Sith tradition, in which the warriors of the dark side of the Force would adorn themselves in heavy armor. The suits construction incorporated Sith alchemy to augment Vaders severely diminished physical strength and vitality. The suit provided a suite of life-support systems and gave Vader relatively free movement without having to use a hoverchair. It was damaged or broken several times during its use, necessitating upgrades and repairs. The suit was finally irreparably broken in 4 ABY. when Vader absorbed Emperor Palpatine s powerful Force lightning in his face aboard the second Death Star to save his son, Luke Skywalker. from certain death. After Vaders death, Luke ceremonially cremated his fathers empty armor on the forest moon of Endor. The armor encased Vader completely, creating a seal to protect his charred skin and lungs. It was also uncomfortable to wear. Vader slowly learned to live with the isolation and anonymity that the suit imposed on him. Vader had to change his lightsaber style to compensate for the weight, bulk, and inflexibility of his armor. The electronics of the suit were sensitive to electrical discharges, though Vader added a limited amount of insulation to the suit after discovering this. To escape the armors claustrophobic nature, Vader had several pressurized meditation chambers built where he could remove his mask and suit and still survive. Vader longed to be less dependent on his armor, and tried at times to function without it, but he labored in vain. Despite the weaknesses imparted by the suit, it also provided a number of strengths. These included greatly enhanced durability and stamina, numerous sensory enhancements, and protection from extremely inhospitable environments and biological weaponry. Design Edit Like traditional Sith armor 8 and formed after the ancient Sith droids. 9 Darth Vaders suit was made to be both intimidating and fearsome. 1 His helmet was black, with a highly polished finish from woodoo hide. 10 The front was carved out to fit around his head and show his face. This helmet had a raised ridge that ran from between his eyes to the back of his head, where it merged into the 5 durasteel. 11 obsidian. 12 and plasteel 13 of the helmet itself. In addition, it was also rumored that the helmets already strong metallic hull had also been further strengthened via Dark Side alchemy, with the specific technique not being found in the database of the Rhinnal Medical Academy. 10 Two less jagged ridges swept, curving, over the eyes of Vaders mask proper and served to accent them. 5 The jagged edges also acted as a means to deflect potential energy blows onto the thick shoulder armor. 10 This helmet locked into the mask, 14 via a pressurized seal comparable in integrity to a Class C spacesuit. 10 Besides protection, it also stuck needles into Vaders skin when fixed in place, which feed neurological data on brainwave activity to the central chest computer, and possessed radiator conduction pads that were installed into the helmet as a means to allow excess heat to bleed through the metal surface. 10 Darth Vaders helmetbreath mask blueprints The mask itself went halfway around Vaders head. The masks appearance was given a similar appearance to a skull in order to enhance the fear factor of the Dark Lord of the Sith. The top of this mask was crowned with a circular interface dotted with an array of square slots around a disc of silver. This disc served as an interface between the mask and the helmet. Made of black durasteel, these components were hermetically sealed and connected with a flat backpack that cycled air to Vaders lungs. The air pump itself was located inside the top of the mask, which, via a ventilator, supplies a distinctive rasp. An implanted enunciator linked to an electronic voice processor enabled Vaders scorched vocal cords to produce speech. Around the part of the mask covered by the helmet was the external neural sensor array. Also hidden beneath his mask were four red heat dispersion vents, accented by yellow wire. The face of the mask was somewhat exaggerated and angular, with two ridges above his eyes that fit in with those of his helmet. The optical lenses appeared bulbous. This front part of the mask was of a more highly polished black material than that of the back, being the more flexible of the two. The ridged bridge of the nose seemed lost in the largeness of the eyes, but jutted out in a manner similar to a bare Human skull. The masks cheekbones were generally angular, curving slightly to join the nose at its base. The base of the nose was a silver multipurpose detector that acted as the suits primary environmental sensor, and could measure radiation, temperature, and atmospheric toxicity and displays the information in the HUD, was rounded in shape, 10 with a triangular grill growing out from beneath it that served as an air filter, 5 further contributing to its skull-like appearance. 15 The optical lenses served as visual filters, allowing for Vader to detect infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths, while also blocking out excess light, due to the inability to repair Vaders damaged retinas. In addition, the lens also came equipped with a HUD that supplied critical data automatically as an overlay if Vader entered new environments, including information about atmospheric composition, nearby bio-signatures, and others, which could also be selected via the mouth controls. The lens, likewise, came equipped with secondary eyeshields that activate within 5 milliseconds and automatically sliding over the optical blisters to prevent blindness when approaching intense light. Components for a disassembled SoroSuub DH-57 comlink were also built into the masks interior, as a result of it being a cheaper solution compared to custom-designing a new unit. It also was equipped with audio enhancers and sonic dampeners, the latter of which were also capable of reducing noise as a defense against sonic weapons, and they can extend Vaders hearing range to 40 kHz, enough to be higher than a Ronto. It also came equipped with a voice synthesizer, which, upon picking up the electronic sounds from a built-in vocoder, translates Vaders otherwise weak speech to be audible, and also added a timbre, bass and amplification to produce an impressive amount of vocal quality. 10 Blueprint of Vaders armor A hermetic 14 collar wrapped around Vaders neck and slanted forwards in the front to meet the mask at the bottom of its triangular grill. It was added in because the artificial vertebrae alone were of limited value as structural units. 10 The back, which sloped slightly outward at the base of his neck, was studded with metal interfaces. The two sides of the front were edged by two tubes that followed the masks edge until it reached the base of the triangular grill. At the end of these tubes were two silver studs. On top of the slanted front of this collar were several interfaces, with wires running back from it to the back of the collar. From the sides of the collar came two metal stems capped with a curved fixture. These, when worn, touched the outer corners of Vaders mouth. 5 The collar, along with the chest armor, was also lined with electrodes that feed information status of the suits performance during monthly maintenance sessions at the EmPal SuRecon. The collar was also equipped with feeding straws that allowed Vader to feed himself from an implanted bladder filled with RepMed vitapaste, and could be refilled either during monthly maintenance, or on demand. Despite this, however, a redundant system to accommodate intravenous feeding was also installed because of the vitapastes terrible taste. The collar also came equipped with a vocoder in the jaw assembly to aid in Vaders weakened speech, as well as mouth controls that Vader could utilized to his advantage in combat, including visual overlays optical magnification, comlink-frequency selection boot magnetization and targeted audio amplification for surveillance. The collar locks the mask in place via electromagnetic clamps. 10 Vaders pauldrons and chest armor appeared to be one piece that protected his entire upper torso. 5 The durasteel material 8 was gray in hue with several black vertical stripes. Around the neck of the full-shoulder pauldron was a black chain, and connected to the upper seam of the armor 5 was Vaders black, flowing, 11 nearly floor-length armorweave cape. 8 Coming from beneath the pauldron was a black tabard that was open in the front and reached down to the ground. 5 The shoulder armor itself weighed 12.2 kg overall, was resistant to both blasters and energy blades, and was capable of withstanding hits from both weapon types with only minor surface pitting. A drawback, however, is that its weight made it difficult for Vader to raise his lightsaber to full height, though he could still raise his hands above his head if pressed. 10 Vader wore a ribbed, padded, multi-ply body glove that covered everything below his neck. This flexible, quilted suit was blast-dampening, and was made of a fireproof material that provided some protection against flames and corrosive gasses. There was also a gasket within a suit that accesses the cartridge containing kouhunin chemicals to lessen Vaders perception of pain. The suit was also lined with sensors plugged to diagnostic systems to monitor Vaders pulmonary, respiratory, and neural interfaces and feed the data to the central chest box. The suits temperature is likewise regulated via a heating unit installed on the back. 10 On his hands he wore black gloves, 5 the right glove being a Mandalorian crushgaunt fitted around one of Lord Kaans indestructible Sith amulets. and modified to include grip-augmentation circuitry. 16 10 The gloves, or more accurately gauntlets, were also made of a Micronized Mandalorian iron weave to protect Vader against glancing lightsaber blows during the patients physical therapy sparring sessions, as well as deflecting a direct hit from a blaster bolt. The gloves, as well as the boots, contained magnetic clasps that snap onto Vaders prosthesis tubing, in order to prevent him from shifting equipment or clothing during combat. Because of Vaders prostheses being effectively skeletal in nature, the gloves and boots also contained padding to provide definition, with the added benefit of confusing enemies as to which portions of Vader were cybernetic. 10 Around his entire abdominal area, he wore a plastoid girdle that protected his organic and synthetic internal organs, 8 and on his back, hidden by his cloak, he wore a flat black backpack. 17 7 Over his solar plexus, he wore a chest unit that served to regulate many of the life-support functions of the suit, including the status of Vaders cardiopulmonary and neural systems. The chest control box had three slots, relating to neural systems data respiratory systems data and pulmonary systems data for the top, center, and bottom slots, respectively, and several rectangular buttons adorning the unusually vulnerable piece of machinery. The blue button activated the suits auto control functions, while the red button, located below the blue button, activated the suits manual override. The rightmost switch, located at the bottom, acted as a system reset while the rest of the four switches located at the bottom were programming touch plates. There were also two shafts located on the left and right of the control box, acting as the life function sensor arrays. The data slots accepted RepMed data wafers Ix44a and Ix44ax sizes, which, when inserted, uploads within 200 milliseconds full diagnostics of all suit systems for monthly maintenance. The uploaded diagnostic information, likewise, is required to be stored in a permanent archive. Although the chest computer and other systems were designed to run for weeks, they also were rechargeable via two access ports in the rear of the chest box. The fastest method of recharging involved attaching cables to a fusion furnace. 10 His belt, which went over his tabard, and also was mostly black, had three metal boxes around the front. The middle one had a silver electromagnetic clasp adorning it that included the release button and audio sensors. 10 The other two boxes were symmetrical blocks decorated with several green, yellow, and gray buttons. 5 The left box was the respiratory controls, which contained six gray knobs for manual adjustment a red system active indicator button two green buttons composing of a reset switch (left) and an automanual toggle (right) and a gray rectangular surface that acted as a CO2 vent. The right box were the temperature controls, containing two green buttons that had the same purpose as the green buttons on the respiratory controls a heat vent below the green buttons a system active indicator button and manual adjustment knobs. The clasp also contained a compartment containing a spare energy cell in case of emergencies, as well as backup comlink and a tool kit for simple suit repairs. 10 Vaders shiny black all-terrain combat boots contained shin armor of durasteel 7 that hinged on the sides of the foot of the boot to allow him to walk. 5 The boots soles also contained a ferromagnetic core which could be activated by Vaders mouth-operated controls to generate a strong magnetic field similar to that of zero-g spacesuits used by soldiers to cling to starship hulls, and the shin armor was among the heaviest items in the armors assembly. In particular, the shin armors durasteel make also renders him invulnerable to stabbing strikes or shrapnel spray. The outer cape, and to some extent, the tunic (the latter being 50), was made out of armorweave, as it provided protection from environmental damage and was light enough for adequate movement. The cape also acted as a protective cloak designed to block fire and acid jets, thus helping protect the suits electronics. Similarly, the cape also minimized the possibility of grit and other contaminants from entering and potentially clogging up the filter. 10 The armor also came in ten layers, each subdivided into three primary layers. The first primary layer was a self-sealing surface similar in function to a standard Emnat suit worn by most Imperial military officers. The outermost layer was a black insulating shell, and the inner layer was an Andwa gel-crystal matrix. The second primary layer dealt with impact protection from physical shock due to the irreversible damage to the torso. The first layer was Reifflex cellular padding which was also utilized for some Stormtrooper helmets the second layer was some orthofabric the third layer was mylar laminate the fourth layer was polychlorophene-2 fiber weave the final layer contained rechargeable energy suit. The third primary layer related to the pressure and temperature regulatory functions of the suit. The first layer contained plastex pressure garments the second layer related to temperature stasis the third layer was a compression sheath. 10 Functionality Edit The inside of Vaders mask Though the extent of Vaders injuries remained concealed by his foreboding armor. it was known that he required an advanced life-support system to stay alive. 7 This life-support system was integrated into his armor, thus freeing Vader of the limitations inherent in external life-support equipment. 5 Circuitry throughout the suit monitored cardiac, respiratory, and neural systems 8. and three slot-like dataports located on Vaders chest unit allowed access to collected diagnostic information. Like Stormtrooper armor. the suit was equipped with a sensitive temperature-regulation system, which could be controlled by a function box on his belt. This unit was powerful enough to allow Vader to walk the surface of icy Hoth without any additional protection. Impulse generators lacing the armor provided electrical impulses to stimulate Vaders muscles, providing him with great mobility and strength despite his severely damaged muscles and nerves. 7 To amplify this even more, Vaders strength and constitution were boosted by chemicals created with Sith alchemy. These were provided by the life-support apparatus in his armor, and were constantly injected into him. 2 Vaders mask was one of the most important pieces of Vaders armor, and was vital to his survival. Without it, he would die unless in the pressurized, controlled atmosphere of one of his specially-made meditation chambers. 7 Inside the mask were many needles that poked into his flesh to interface with him. 18 The pressurized 19 helmet monitored and regulated Vaders body temperature, contained radiators to diffuse heat generated by the suits electrical systems, and contained a primary environmental sensor that continually evaluated Vaders surroundings for potential hazards. Lenses filter out light that could cause further injury to Vaders damaged corneas and retinas. They also provide infrared and ultraviolet vision, enabling Vader to see clearly in complete darkness. Sensors in the Sith Lords helmet relay environmental data, which is then displayed as peripheral readouts. 7 When piloting a starship. such as his personal TIE Advanced x1 prototype starfighter. Vader could slide a second layer of eye shields across the masks eyepieces. 20 On his belt, Vader wore two small system function boxes: the one on his right featured a temperature regulation system and the one on his left contained a respiratory sensor matrix. The center buckle featured an audio enhancement unit built into the electromagnetic clasp 8 7 of the system status belt. 14 Also included in the belt buckle was an audio-enhancement unit, small tool kit, spare energy cell. and backup comlink. 7 As the suit doubled as armor, the life-support system was made to be somewhat tough, though the electrical systems themselves were delicate. 19 Vaders armor was built around a plastoid girdle that protected the natural and synthetic internal organs 8 in his abdomen. 14 Though Vaders heart still functioned, 19 his pulse was machine-regulated so that it could not quicken unless directed by the suit. 21 More visible durasteel armor 7 plates covered his shoulders, upper body and shins. 8 His gloves and the padding on his chest and arms consisted of blast-dampening armor, 7 and were made to be impervious to fire 22 and well-protected against explosions, 23 piercing, and poisoning. In addition, his helmet and mask kept light from blinding him. 7 21 When damaged, Vaders pressure suit self-sealed against wounds and burns. 19 Once sealed, Vaders mask and armored suit could serve as an airtight spacesuit for at least a short time. He relied on an internal oxygen supply when he flew his TIE fighter in the Battle of Yavin. 24 and he had survived surprise exposure to space during assassination attempts by mutinous Imperial officers. 25 26 Vaders right arm in 0 ABY Vaders prosthetic limbs and all of the armors functions were powered by dozens of rechargeable energy cells located throughout the suit that allowed Vader to travel for long stretches without recharging his armor. Even when the energy cells were depleted, he could maintain basic life-support functions through replaceable backup power cells. Typically, however, Vader recharged his suit within a meditation sphere, such as the one located aboard his personal Star Dreadnought. the Executor 8212although he could access any standard fusion furnace for this purpose. 7 In addition, several implants, referred to as a central implant cluster, were inserted into four of his organs. In particular, his cardiac implant took the place of his original heart and major arteries by pumping blood the circulatory implant regulated blood flow and the respiratory implant disperses oxygen throughout the organic tissues. All of these implants connected via a thick central cable to the chest computer, with an additional set of cables connecting the lungs and throat added after two and a half hours of microscalpel surgery. It also possessed a waste recycler similar to those employed by long-haul asteroid miners. However, all of the linkages were faulty and unreliable, thus forcing Vader to undergo frequent maintenance of his suit and be dependent on Imperial medical specialists for the rest of his life. The surgical droid DD-13 speculated that Palpatine deliberately allowed for these design flaws in order to keep Vader from rebelling. 10 Despite how integrated the suit appeared to be with regard to Vaders cybernetics, virtually all of the external components of the suit could be removed in their entirety, as Vader was known to routinely remove both the suit and his prosthetic limbs during maintenance sessions. 27 Senses Edit Because of his injuries, most of Vaders senses were irreparably damaged and thus were replaced by his armor. The dark hemispherical goggles that covered his eyes filtered out light that might have caused further injury to his damaged corneas and retinas 19 and enhanced his vision 14 however, in enhanced mode the optical sensors 1 in the half-globes shifted the light toward the red end of the spectrum. Its bulkiness prevented him from seeing the toes of his boots without tilting his head almost ninety degrees. 19 Similarly, the masks eyes were tinted red as well, 18 this being visible under certain lighting conditions. 28 Various displays inside Vaders helmet supplied the Sith Lord with a steady stream of data, amplifying his already formidable connection to the Force. His helmets eye coverings provided infrared and ultraviolet vision, allowing Vader to see clearly even in complete darkness, and dampeners offered limited defense against sonic attacks. 7 The medical droids had rebuilt the cartilage of his outer ears, but his eardrums had melted beyond repair in Mustafars heat. Sound waves had to be transmitted directly to implants in his inner ear. 19 Also, Vader could still smell naturally, but the mask he wore amplified his olfactory senses. 9 Vader could take food through his mouth, but only when he was inside a hyperbaric chamber. since he had to remove his triangular respiratory vent. It was therefore easier for Vader to receive nourishment through liquids, intravenous and otherwise, and to rely on catheters, collection pouches, and recyclers to deal with liquid and solid waste. 19 Though liquids were preferable, he still had the capacity to chew if he wished, 29 though a nutrient feed provided Vader with all the nourishment he required. 7 In the event that he did desire oral consumption, he would ingest RepMed vitapaste via straws located inside the grills of his facemask. 10 In public, Vader was known to claim that he never ate or drank. 30 Limbs Edit Vader leaping, using his powerful new legs What remained of his real limbs ended in bulbs of grafted flesh, inserted into machines that triggered movement through the use of modules that interfaced with his damaged nerve endings. 19 The stumps of each organic limb were implanted with neural links that relayed muscle impulses between the brain and the limbs, allowing for the limbs to move under conscious control. The servomotors likewise were modeled after the human form, allowing for movement and rotation possible for various joint parts including the wrists, ankles and knuckles. The limb pistons likewise utilized hydraulic fluid to operate, and as such required a replenishment of fluid as well as a piston realignment every six months and diagnostic check-ins during the monthly maintenance sessions. 10 His mechanical appendages provided him with greater strength than an ordinary man he could adjust the servodrivers and pistons in his forearms to provide his hands with enough strength to crush nearly anything they could grasp. With the power of his arms alone, he had the ability to lift an adult being off the ground, though he had always been able to do so with the Force, especially in moments of rage. 24 When put to use, his mechanical legs would allow him to leap a considerable distance. 19 His gloves incorporated a unique micronized iron that could deflect anything short of a lightsaber blow. 8 When Vader first had to walk with his new legs, he had to take slow, deliberate, thudding steps. By the time he was accustomed to his new legs, he retained the noisy gait, as it announced his coming, 9 though he soon walked more naturally. The durasteel alloy of Vaders lower legs were enhanced by strips of armor similar to those that filled and gave form to the long glove that Vader had worn over his right-arm prosthesis 19 these leg prostheses were protected by the greaves of Vaders suit. The alloy strips were added in late into the surgery, to allow for Vader to walk relatively normally after simulations revealed that his stock prosthetic legs would buckle under the overall weight of his armor. 10 Vaders boots also adhered to his artificial limbs 14 and the soles could magnetically adhere to bulkheads if Vader wished 26 8212during an assassination attempt in which Vader was put into an open airlock. his boots remained planted to the floor while his companions were sucked out of the breach. Later, however, he jumped into the void willingly. 26 Because of the large amount of mass the overall armor contained (the shoulder armor alone weighed 12.2 kg), Vader did not often run, but was still capable of doing so if necessary. In addition, he was still capable of using Force speed. but rarely did so. 19 31 Spine Edit A close-up of Skywalkers skull and upper spine Vaders back, specifically his spine, was not whole. 9 Although his injuries on Mustafar did not significantly affect the spine, 1 it still was injured to the extent that, coupled with the projected strain of the shoulder armor and the later-adopted hermetic collar, the original bones had to be replaced with artificial and structurally superior components. 10 This forced Vader to wear a thick electrode-studded collar that supported his helmet to safeguard the cybernetic devices that replaced his upper vertebrae. 19 The first few vertebrae of his neck were not natural and their sharp-edged regularity suggests that they were cybernetic replacements. Bone was broken at the second and third vertebrae, and possibly the first and fourth. The spinal cord itself was not broken above the third or fourth vertebra. The severing must have been nearly but not totally complete, as he retained the ability to breathe weakly for at least a few seconds unaided. 5 Breathing Edit Vaders helmet was the center of his life-support system. It was fitted with an air pump, which was connected to a flat filter system worn on Vaders back. Together, the backpack and the air pump continuously cycled purified air through Vaders ravaged lungs. A small, back-up air-processing filter was located in his distinctive mouth grill 7. which also doubled as a respiratory intake system. 14 Vaders life-support system also included a chest-worn, computerized control panel unit that regulated his respiratory functions. 8 From this chest panel, a thick cable entered his torso, linking to a breathing apparatus and heartbeat regulator. The ventilator was implanted in his terribly scarred chest, along with tubes that ran directly into his damaged lungs, and others that entered his burned throat, so that should the chest plate or belt control panels develop a glitch, he could breathe unassisted air for a limited time out of his mouth, which had not been burned to the extent of his throat. 19 A belt-mounted function box housed the respiratory sensor matrix responsible for controlling Vaders breathing. 7 Using it, Vader could easily adjust the controls on his armor to increase or decrease his supply of oxygen. 29 Vaders breathing was machine-regulated, 21 but his pace of breathing quickened during physical exertion and could be overridden by involuntary emotional reactions. 29 In addition, his respirator would also let out a strained rasp if undergoing extreme exertion rendering him exhausted or if part of his armor is significantly damaged. This is especially evident when Vader lost his right arm to Luke Skywalker in their final duel. 5 The respirator slowed down or sped up in response to changes in his remaining bodys functions, 19 but Vader was unable to stop it or hold his breath, nor could he slow it. 1 Vaders breather functioned even while Vader was speaking. 5 However, it is apparent that a dampener or similar device had been installed into his suit by 3 ABY. as he was able to surprise Luke Skywalker in a dark passage near the carbon-freezing chamber on Bespin. Vaders ambush was only possible because he could temporarily quiet his loud breathing. 32 Vader, having his suit and breathing apparatus installed for the first time Lord Vaders breather was seriously damaged by Force lightning during his struggle with the Emperor. Although it continued to operate to some extent, the sound of the mechanism was reduced to a strained rasp, implying that the respirator was broken. The labored breathing sound persisted until his final unmasking. 5 His signature, labored mechanical breathing was the sound of the iron lung Vader was forced to wear. 8 The med droids that had made the suit had inserted the redundant breathing tubes low enough so that, with the aid of an enunciator, his scorched vocal cords could still form sounds and words 19 through a voice synthesizer in the mask. 11 Absent from the enunciator in Vaders mouth grill, 14 which imparted a synthetic bass tone, his own voice was little more than a whisper. Though limited by what the respirator could do, Vader could still make his respirator approximate a laugh or a sigh. 19 Vader was able to speak even when unmasked shortly before the destruction of the second Death Star. The weakness of his voice was probably partly due to his breathing difficulty and the internal mortal wounds and damage to his cybernetic systems inflicted by the Emperor. 5 Skeleton and nervous system Edit Not even Vaders skeleton and nerves were spared from the reconstruction. In addition to the partial replacement of Vaders spine, the ribcage was also partially removed for the installment of the organ implants, with the sternum being replaced with a perforated metal plate accommodating the cables running to the chest computer, and at least one of his shoulder joints (the right one) being required to undergo partial prosthetic replacement. The remaining organic bones were likewise artificially modified via a tensile-strength augmentation through mineral solutions dripping through the nutrient feeds. In addition, the right collarbone was also installed with a cartridge that injects a synthetic neurotoxin called Kouhunin, derived from the Kouhun centipedes, to lessen Vaders perception of pain to a small degree. 10 His nervous system sustained the least amount of damage from his injuries at Mustafar. Nonetheless, it was implanted with sensor webs tracing activity running through the cerebellum along the spinal cord to the sensory and motor neurons, so it could be constantly and closely monitored. As such, if his neurons were ever unable to communicate with his metallic prosthetics, Vader would be rendered immobile and a programmed alert would go out to the EmPal SuRecon via hyperwave signal. The muscle fibers were also modified to have electrical impulse generators embedded inside as a means to stimulate damaged tissue. 10 History Edit Pre-Origin Edit Thousands of years before his birth, Anakin Skywalker appeared in a vision to Jedi Master QAnilia as Darth Vader, along with his son, Luke Skywalker and his descendant, Cade Skywalker. as well as Zayne Carrick. All four of these individuals would later be affected by the Muur Talisman. The vision also showed Karness Muur. hundreds of Rakghouls. and a burning city. Darth Vader appears in a vision of the future. Nearly a decade before his death, the Sith Lord. Darth Plagueis. and his apprentice, Darth Sidious. committed an act that directly violated the nature of the Force. To advance their plan for galactic domination, the two Sith attempted to will a being of their own design into existence, pouring their abhorrent intent into waves through the Force to the countless midi-chlorians that were spread throughout the galaxy. The experiment failed, however, and the midi-chlorians, not willing to obey, not only frustrated Plagueiss attempts, but countered in reprisal, conceiving a child within the slave Shmi Skywalker. Vision on Mortis Edit Skywalker having a Force vision on Mortis. Years later, during the Clone Wars, Anakin Skywalker along with Obi-Wan Kenobi and Ahsoka Tano discovered the Mortis monolith while answering an ancient Jedi distress call deep in space. However their ship had been damaged when Anakin had crash landed it, so the Jedi were stranded on the world of Mortis. Skywalker, not convinced that the Son could be easily contained on the planet, returned on a speeder to see the Father, offering his help in killing the Son. The Father directed him toward the Well of the dark side with the warning not to underestimate the Son. On the way, Skywalker encountered an apparition of Qui-Gon Jinn. Skywalker confided his doubts to the apparition about what he should do with the Son. The Force spirit told him to trust his instincts and that he would find a way. When he arrived at the well, he confronted the Son only to have his lightsaber pulled out of his hand. The Son then offered to show him the future. Skywalker tried to resist, but could not keep out the visions that assaulted his mind. He saw himself killing younglings. choking Amidala as she begged for mercy, the true face of Sidious. fighting Kenobi. destroying Alderaan. and his transformation to Darth Vader. He eventually fell to his knees while the smoke behind him formed the shape of the face of Darth Vader. Skywalker collapsed, close to tears and horrified at the revelation of the monster he would become, knowing he would go on to do terrible things. The Son agreed, but offered a way to change the future he saw, asking again for Skywalker to join him. Skywalker hesitated, but then submitted at the promise of peace. Vision on Nelvaan Edit Anakin Skywalkers vision of his future self Shortly before the Battle of Coruscant. Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker were sent to the icy planet of Nelvaan to seek out Grievous. The Nelvaanians hailed Skywalker as Ghost Hand , and Orvos. the shaman of Rokrul village. sent him on a quest to save their people from a threat that had vanquished all their previous champions. Skywalker agreed, and entered a cave where he experienced visions of a great hunter, who lost his arm in battle. However, he fought back, and continued to slay monsters with a new black, spiky arm. As he slew the monsters, his power grew until it was out of control, the spiky black arm turning into a spiny black labyrinth that encompassed and destroyed everything the warrior held dear. Padm Amidalas voice was screaming as the sinister black labyrinth of evil that had once been the great warriors arm turned back upon the source and morphed what remained of the great hunter into an eerie face8212the face of Darth Vader, whom Skywalker would soon become. 33 The fateful surgery Edit He lives. 8213A medical droid, to Palpatine 91src93 Not long after his return to Coruscant after the Battle of Coruscant, Skywalker gave in to Palpatine s temptation to turn to the dark side and was dubbed Darth Vader. 1 Darth Sidious commanded his new apprentice to go to the planet of Mustafar and kill the Separatist Council 8212and supposedly bring peace to the new Galactic Empire. On Mustafar, the corrupted Vader then began his massacre of the Separatist Council. Not long after, Padms ship landed outside the bunker, and he ran to meet her. Unbeknownst to her, Kenobi had stowed away on her ship to find Vader, and at that moment appeared from the ship. Kenobi tried to reason with his former pupil, but Vader refused to listen. Vader and Kenobi fought an intense battle throughout the mining complex and down the river of lava outside. The battle ended on the banks of a lava river, where Vader was severely maimed and immobilized by Kenobis blade, which severed his legs and his left arm. 1 Palpatine finds Vaders ravaged body. The defeated Vader fell onto a slope of volcanic sand, and slid helplessly to the edge of a lava river. With his body crippled, Vader tried to claw his way up the bank, using only his remaining prosthetic limb but his body ignited from the radiant heat of the flow and his lungs were scorched by the hot gases he inhaled, which included high concentrations of ko-shol gasses. As the flames started to subside, Vader kept himself alive with the dark side of the Force, 1 his rage, 2 and his unbreakable will, clawing his way back up the bank with his still intact mechanical arm, struggling against his extreme injuries. 1 His injuries were severe, with the lower half of his body being more extensively affected. 34 His lungs had been irreparably scarred, and were now mostly dead alveoli and constricted passages. 29 Darth Sidious, newly declared Emperor of the Galactic Empire, soon arrived and snatched what remained of Vaders body from the bank of the lava river, placing him on a medical capsule and willing him to live. He then took Vader back to Coruscant, repairing the damage to Vaders body through intensive cybernetic enhancements 1 with help from arcane Sith healing techniques 17 at the newly renamed Emperor Palpatine Surgical Reconstruction Center. He was repaired and rebuilt over a period of several days 1 by a hyper-sophisticated Ubrikkian prototype DD-13 medical assistant droid named DD-13HK. a 2-1B surgical droid by the name of 2-1BDRX. and an enhanced FX-6 medical assistant droid. The Ubrikkian Galactic Chopper DD-13HK oversaw the installation of his cybernetic implants, prosthetic limbs, and synthetic organs, and the FX-6 performed numerous blood transfusions and stabilized the terrible damage done to Vaders eyes, vocal cords, scalp, face, arms, legs, and especially his lungs. 14 Both droids spent much time connecting Vaders severed nerve endings to his new robotic parts. 17 The surgery was also less than pleasant 2-1BDRX deliberately did not perform reconstructive cosmetic surgery to Vaders face, as it would be hidden behind the mask. The process included eight hours to supply artificial implants to his internal organs, two and a half of which were dedicated to implementing the linkages. Budgetary limitations and lack of effective equipment imposed by the Empire also acted as a factor to the shoddy attempts at repair, with DD-13HK speculating that the limitations may have been deliberately orchestrated by the Emperor in order to ensure Vader didnt rebel. 2-1BDRX likewise ordered for Vaders helmet to be waxed with woodoo hide in the hopes that the resulting shine would distract Palpatine from the shortcuts they were forced to implement during the surgery. In addition, the blackened and dead flesh on Vaders scalp that was exposed to the heat of Mustafar was surgically removed, although the scarring itself penetrated to his bones. 10 Life and death Edit During his first few months of living in the suit, Vader felt trapped within it, but after a short while he had learned to use it for both intimidation and isolation. It allowed him to feel separate from all the beings around him. 35 At times he enjoyed having his black suit, as it gave him a menacing presence that garnered respect and fear. Also because of his suit, Vader felt a kind of kinship with the clone troopers because they, too, were seemingly dependent on their armor and were almost never seen without it. 9 To compensate for his lack of facial and eye expressions, Vader learned to use simple body language. 22 On one occasion early on in Vaders career as a Sith, Palpatine threatened to use Force lightning against him when Vader expressed displeasure with a dressing-down Palpatine was giving him. Palpatine revealed on that occasion that he was well aware that the delicate circuitry that allowed Vaders life support systems to function was vulnerable to electrical discharges. 19 Vader would later outfit his armor with electrical insulation. Not long after his reconstruction, Vader fought a Jedi named Bol Chatak on Murkhana. and because of Vader having to suddenly readjust his style due to his injuries, the Zabrak managed to injure him before Vader killed her. She had cut Vaders left forearm through the shielding that filled out his glove and had melted some of the artificial ligaments that allowed his hand to pronate. Vader was able to fix some of it himself with a fine-point laser cutter by removing flaps of armorweave fabric that had been fused by the heat to the alloy beneath, and the forearm was later completely repaired at the Emperor Palpatine Surgical Reconstruction Center. 19 Because of the extensive mechanics of his armor, he was once mistaken by the droid C-3PO for a new model of guard droid during one of the Emperors Ball ceremonies. The Sith Lord sentenced the protocol droid to work as a preschool attendant for a year as punishment. 36 37 A glimpse at some of the mechanisms within Vaders mask, as shown after his fight on Kessel . Vaders right hand was again cut off during his fight at the Conclave on Kessel when he was searching for Kenobi. Through the Force, he picked up the mechanical hand, still grasping a cortosis blade, and used it to kill Koffi Arana. During the ensuing fight, Vaders suit was damaged and torn open at the left shoulder, lower arm, back, and both of his upper legs, yet he did not seem weakened soon afterwards he could stand and function. When all except Tsui Choi had been killed, the desperate Jedi threw his lightsaber at Vader. As the Sith Lord deflected it back to kill the Jedi, it sliced a bit into his mask, but afterward he seemed to have no trouble breathing. 38 Later, Darth Vader hired Boba Fett to capture an Imperial named Abal Karda and, more importantly, the box he carried, not letting the bounty hunter know it was a trap. Vader followed Fett to Maryx Minor and the two battled for control of the box. Boba Fett shot Darth Vader in the forehead during this duel, but it merely scraped his helmet, not penetrating. 39 When Vader dueled Galen Marek on board the half-completed first Death Star. Marek finished the duel by hurling an energy field generator at Vader with the Force. The generator exploded on contact with Vader and caused severe damage to his armor and life support systems, though not sufficient to disable him. In addition, despite the destruction of most of his mask, his vocoder remained intact. 31 When an uprising of several Falleen tried to assassinate Vader for what he had done to their homeworld. Xora stabbed Vader in the torso, next to his chest plate. The injury did not seem to faze him in the least. During the same fight, he was shot in the left shoulder, which also did not slow him. 40 Vaders armor sustained heavy damage against Marek. After being forced to crash-land on Vaal after the destruction of the first Death Star, Vader was attacked by several of the native creatures, who ripped his cape, his suit, and his right glove, showing the metallic arm beneath. By this time, Vader had lost his entire right arm. 41 During the duel with his son on Cloud City, Luke managed to score a strike on Vaders right arm, causing him some degree of pain. However, it was not enough to hinder Vader who cut Lukes hand off shortly after. Aboard the second Death Star, Vader confronted and fought his son, Luke, losing to him when the youth sliced off his right hand. As he watched Palpatine torture his son with Force lightning, Vader heard Luke beg for his fathers help. So overcome with emotion, he (no longer Darth Vader, but Anakin Skywalker) picked up the Emperor and threw him into a deep pit, absorbing intense amounts of Force lightning in the process and short-circuiting his life-support. The lightning that lashed Anakin was of a lethal intensity: the energies that Palpatine had previously used to strike Luke were less powerful, intended merely to cause agony and torment. When Anakin seized him, Palpatine intensified his output, with the intention of finishing Luke. These discharges were absorbed by Anakin rather than his son. The remarkable intensity of these final energetic bursts8212exceeding the shocks that had tormented Luke8212was evident in the way they heated Anakins bones enough for them to glow visibly through his flesh and clothing. Anakins life support system shorted out just after he threw Palpatine down the reactor shaft of the Death Stars tower throne room, leaving Anakin mortally injured and paralyzed inside a powerless suit. Luke then attempted to take his father with him to make their escape, but Anakin realized that, regardless of his sons efforts, he was already dead, and requested that Luke remove his mask so he could see his son without the lens filters for the first and last time. 5 After Anakins death and the subsequent destruction of the second Death Star, the suit was ceremonially burned on a pyre on Endor by Luke. 5 Seven years later, the young Kyp Durron. an apprentice of the New Jedi Order. uncovered the remains of Vaders armor during his struggle with the spirit of Exar Kun. a long-deceased Dark Lord of the Sith. The bonfire had completely incinerated Vaders uniform, leaving only a jumble of heat-warped bits of plasteel, wires and tatters of the armorweave cloak. 42 The logs for the armors construction and Vaders surgery were later recovered from the memory logs of 2-1BDRX and DD-13HK. The armor and the reconstruction was later remarked upon as being a story of medical skill, scientific ingenuity and brutal reality, especially compared to the cyborg reconstruction methods used to create General Grievous years prior. It was also speculated that the results would have been even more impressive if not for constraints imposed by the Empires budgetary issues. 10 The glove of Darth Vader Edit Trioculus watches as MD-5 modifies Vaders glove. The right glove of his suit remained intact when the Death Star II exploded, having been ensnared within a piece of the wreckage that landed on the watery world of Mon Calamari. This wreckage had been pulled through a wormhole created by the explosion of the hypermatter in the Death Stars core. In 5 ABY. Kadann. a Prophet of the Dark Side. foretold that a new Emperor would soon arise, and on his hand he would wear the glove of Darth Vader. Unlike the left-hand glove, the right glove was made to be indestructible, a symbol of evil that would survive forever. After Luke cut off Darth Vaders right hand in their lightsaber duel, the glove was believed to have been hurled out into space when the Death Star exploded. 6 When a humanoid mutant named Trioculus tried to gain control of what remained of the Empire, The Prophets of the Dark Side would not allow it because he did not have the glove, so he set out to find it. Though he already had loyalty from many of the Grand Moffs. he sought the glove to quiet any remaining doubts about him. Trioculus was determined to find Vaders glove before any other contender for the throne did, and in doing so win the support of Kadann. He ordered the Moffs to begin a galaxy-wide search for the glove using probe droids. first sending the droids to the forest moon of Endor to scan the area, as that was the place the glove was most likely to rest8212if anywhere at all. As faith in Trioculus began to diminish among his supporters, the warlord grew desperate. However, he had a stroke of luck when an Imperial agent, Captain Dunwell. discovered several pieces of the Death Stars debris near the Seascape Mountains. in the Valley of the Giant Oysters on Mon Calamari, one of which had revealed the outline of a glove when scanned. 6 Trioculus and Bertroff Hissa immediately set out for Mon Calamari, where they were greeted by Dunwell at his Whaladon Processing Center. a poaching operation for the native sentient Whaladon species. In his Whaladon-hunting submarine, Dunwell took Trioculus and Hissa to the site of the wreckage. Secretly followed by Luke Skywalker and Admiral Ackbar in a Calamarian minisub, Trioculus retrieved the glove. When Skywalker and Ackbars minisub was accidentally captured by one of Dunwells Whaladon-capturing devices, Skywalker infiltrated the vessel and triggered its self-destruct. Trioculus and Hissa narrowly escaped, the warlord vowing to have his vengeance on Skywalker. 6 The gauntlets value as a symbol was of little use to the three-eyed mutant, but its potential for use as a weapon was considered to be incalculable. It was his belief that the glove was actually a mystical relic that provided its wearer with the ability to telekinetically attack others from a distance, as Trioculus was ignorant of the fact that this ability was an aspect of Vaders aptitude with the Force, and had nothing at all to do with his glove8212something he later found out. As a result of this discovery, he had his droid, MD-5. outfit the glove with technology that could simulate Vaders Force Choke by making whomever it was pointed at gasp and fall to their knees. After this, their eardrums would explode and their brains would disintegrate. However, he soon abandoned its use after discovering that utilizing it too often resulted in periods of blindness8212as well as withering his hand. Trioculus then commanded that his servants create an exact replica of the glove, 6 and he later disposed of it, leaving its whereabouts unknown. However, the Bimm merchant Glah Ubooki later claimed he had recovered it. 43 Discomfort, limitations and enhancements Edit You are so far less now than what you were, you are more than half machine, you are like a painter gone blind, a composer gone deaf, you can remember where the power was but the power you can touch is only a memory8230 8213Darth Vaders thoughts 91src93 An expert mechanical engineer himself, Vader was dismayed by the incompetence of the medical droids responsible for his resurrection in Sidious laboratory on Coruscant. The technology in the suit was already obsolete, having been used to rebuild and create General Grievous decades earlier. While Vader retained his knowledge of the Jedi arts, he began to feel uncertain about his place in the Force, and while he had taken his first steps toward awakening the power of the dark side, he felt uncertain about his ability to sustain that power. 19 He knew that he was hampered by his injuries, and knew he never could achieve his full potential because of it. 44 At times, Vader wondered if Darth Sidious had purposely designed the armor to restrict him. 19 Vader grieves over the death of his wife. There were many problems with his armor. The synthskin that substituted for what was seared from his bones itched incessantly, and his body needed to be periodically cleansed and scrubbed of necrotic flesh, and the incessant rasp of his breathing interfered with his ability to rest, let alone sleep. In the rare moments it came to him, Vaders sleep was a nightmarish jumble of twisted, recurrent memories that unfolded to excruciating sounds, 19 and when he attempted to rest, his cybernetic limbs strained against his ruined flesh. 45 Sounds registered as if issuing from underwater. Worse, the implanted sensors lacked sufficient discrimination, so that too many ambient sounds were picked up, and their distance and direction were difficult to determine. Sometimes the sensors needled him with feedback, or attached echo or vibrato effects to even the faintest noise. 19 The pectoral armor that protected the artificial lung weighed him down, as did the electrode-studded collar that supported the oversized helmet, the delicate systems of the mask, and the ragged scars in his hairless head, which owed as much to what he had endured on Mustafar as to attempts at emergency trepanation during the trip back to Coruscant aboard Sidious shuttle. The weighty cloak and pectoral plating so restricted his movement that he had difficulty lifting his arms over his head, 19 only doing so when necessary, such as when Boba Fett set off the smoke detonator that nearly blew Vader off the edge of a cliff on Maryx Minor. In order to survive, Vader was forced to hold onto the ledge with his hands above his head. 39 As well, Vader still had the capacity to shrug. 20 The sleeves of the bodysuit didnt hug the prostheses as they should, and the elbow-length gloves sagged and bunched at his wrists. Only the right arm prosthesis that he had received as a Jedi felt natural to him, since he had customized it to fit his needs. The pneumatic mechanisms that supplied articulation and support were sometimes slow to respond. 19 As a result of having artificial arms, Darth Vader fashioned Force lightning to suit this handicap preferring to use it as a last resort also because of the delicate life support he was more vulnerable to it. 14 Vader would attempt to compensate for this vulnerability to Force lightning by upgrading the armor with some sort of insulation, 31 though this provided only limited protection. However, while the insulation provided only partial protection against electrical discharges, the limit to the amount of current that it could absorb appeared to be fairly high. For instance, during his duel with Starkiller on Kamino, Vader was struck by an extremely powerful blast of Force lightning, and though it damaged his cybernetics to the point where he could no longer fight, he survived the blast and seemed not to be in any mortal danger afterwards. 31 The monitoring panel beeped frequently and for no reason, the lights seeming to serve only as steady reminders of his vulnerability. His electrical systems were woefully delicate, and he was forced to protect his vital chest panel when dueling. 19 This system was so vulnerable that Antinnis Tremayne was once able to deactivate Vaders entire suit by pressing one button on his chest control plate. 46 Instead of using durasteel for his leg prosthesis, the medical droids had substituted an inferior alloy, and had failed to inspect the strips that protected the electromotive lines. As a result, the inner lining of the pressurized bodysuit was continually snagging on places where the strips were anchored to knee and ankle joints. Additionally, the tall boots were a poor fit for his artificial feet, whose toes lacked the electrostatic sensitivity of his equally false fingertips. These devices made it even more difficult for him to move with ease, much less with any grace. Raised in the heel, the cumbersome footwear canted him slightly forward, forcing him to move with exaggerated caution lest he stumble or topple over. Worse, they were so heavy that he often felt rooted to the ground, or as if he were moving in high gravity. He even felt that he needed to use the Force to move, 19 though he eventually grew used to it. 9 As a result of his large body and abnormal needs, Vader had to have a custom airspeeder made for him to drive comfortably in. 44 As of 0 BBY. Vader was given an opportunity to have a new suit built for him. This suit would have been far more advanced, technologically superior, and much more comfortable than his original. However, to be placed into this new suit, Vader would have to have had his prosthetics disconnected and his life support systems temporarily disabled. Since the process was considered far too risky, and most likely would result in his death, the idea was abandoned. 47 Despite how cumbersome it was, the suit did provide Vader with a number of benefits. The first and most obvious was that the suit functioned very well in its role as armor, providing Vader with an extraordinary amount of durability allowing him to shrug off otherwise fatal damage or injuries. 48 The suit also provided limited resistance to lightsaber blades, allowing Vader to take what might have been crippling injuries without visible effect, and greatly enhanced his stamina. 19 Additionally, the suit allowed Vader to function in extremely inhospitable environments, including the vacuum of space. 49 Its independent oxygen supply and air filtration systems also provided Vader with a virtual immunity to the effects of airborne biological weapons. 50 Lightsaber combat Edit Due to the limitations of his suit, Vader was forced to modify his lightsaber form. At first, Vaders combat techniques were clumsy, and utilized mostly stiff vertical strikes. However, after a time, Vader began to accept his condition, and began to modify his technique accordingly. Through cybernetics, though his agility had been severely hampered by the suit, his strength and stamina had been vastly augmented, and he began to use this to his advantage. 19 He had retained both the academic knowledge of lightsaber combat and experience that he had attained as a Jedi, and began to borrow elements from all forms of lightsaber combat, even the highest and most dangerous ones. The style that resulted was a unique hybrid lightsaber form built around Djem So that incorporated anything Vader could use to compensate for his weaknesses. He primarily used his overwhelming strength and endurance to easily overpower his opponents, but added a great deal of precision to his technique. He would use his immense strength to overpower his enemies with or without a lightsaber by - for example - either grabbing a mans throat lifting him into the air and crushing it, or blocking a lightsaber hilt and throwing its wielder a distance, with one arm simultaneously knocking someone else a distance. In an extreme display of strength he lifted the emperor in the air with a full cybernetic arm even with the restriction of a missing hand, as well resisting force lightning and finally throwing him down the Death Stars core. Due to his incorporation of multiple styles into his own, his technique also became quite unpredictable. 19 His speed and agility, though hampered, would eventually see drastic improvement, and by the time of his duel with the Starkiller clone, he was capable of moving faster than the human eye could perceive by using short, precise bursts of the Force speed ability. 31 He also began to use the Force far more actively in combat, using it both to overpower opponents that he could not out-fence, or incorporating it into his lightsaber sequences to improve his overall viability as a duelist. 19 32 However, his style, at least in its early applications, placed considerably greater emphasis on protecting the vulnerable components of his respirator than it did his limbs. 19 Vader in a combat ready stance Although he had access to lightsaber resistant cortosis, Vader relied on his own skill with the weapon to protect himself from Jedi attacks. 7 Despite this, various portions of the suit could still withstand lightsaber hits with a fairly little damage. 32 For instance, during his duel with Roan Shryne on Kashyyyk, Vader blocked a strike from Shryne with the back of one of his gloves, and though the stroke visibly damaged Vaders glove, Vader had no difficulty using that hand for the rest of the duel. During the same fight, Shryne also landed a superficial hit on Vaders lower left leg which caused Vader no injury. 19 The pauldron appeared to be particularly durable, as Luke Skywalker landed a direct, two handed strike to Vaders right shoulder during their duel on Bespin, and it did not appear to hamper Vaders physical capabilities at all. 32 To further sharpen his abilities, he frequently sparred with increasingly newer and better droids, sometimes several at a time. 29 Vader could still easily deflect blaster bolts with his lightsaber, such as on Murkhana when Climber and the rest of Ion Team tried to escape punishment from Vader by shooting at him. 19 Vader even showed that he didnt need his lightsaber to block blaster bolts, when Han Solo shot at him he blocked all bolts with just his hand. To make up for his relative lack of mobility, Vader often threw his lightsaber at his targets if they were at a distance, sometimes using the Force to spin the blade like a circular saw. He would also, at times, allow his opponent to vent, allowing them to believe that they were driving him back when he was actually letting them wear themselves out before disarming them in one rapid motion. 19 Vader utilized a two-handed grip on his lightsaber, 19 though he could fight with one of either of his hands, as shown when his right hand was cut off during his fight at the Conclave on Kessel. 38 As a stance used while waiting for his opponents to strike, Vader would point his lightsaber towards the ground at an angle, and would take advantage of his blades position by making lightning-fast underhanded sweeps and vertical strikes. As well, at times he manipulated his blade with just his wrists, not moving his arms. 19 Meditation chambers Edit Vaders meditation chamber Not long after being entombed in his suit, Vader began to have moments of claustrophobia and felt a desperate need to emerge from the suit. Because of this, he had several chambers built8212meditation pods8212in which to do this. 19 He could only remove his mask 8 and rest 29 in a special hyperbaric medical chamber. such as the one on board his Star Dreadnought Executor . Allowing no one to assist him, Vader relied on mechanical devices to remove and replace his helmet and metal breath screen. 8 This pressurized life-support environment of medicated and oxygenated air allowed him to exist unmasked in some comfort. 29 To keep him alive, the surgical theater where he was revived as a cyborg must have had the same pressurized gas mix until his mask was sealed. 18 A small, retractable respirator tube enabled him to survive for a short time with the pod momentarily open. 12 The hyperbaric chamber had motion-sensitive controls 29 and was lifted by servo-lifts. 51 Vaders cape was lifted while in the meditation chamber, and it was mechanically lowered while he was still in the chair. 51 A meditation chamber existed in Vaders palace in Imperial City 29 52 and in Vaders quarters aboard the Executor . Another meditation chamber was found deep inside Vaders old stronghold on Vjun by Rosh Penin as he searched for sources of dark energy to charge the Scepter of Ragnos, and the room in which the meditation chamber was located ended up as a dueling ground between Rosh Penin and Jaden Korr. 32 There seemed to be a different kind of meditation pod aboard the Mathayus . one that did not shut and one where he only meditated without removing his mask. 53 Behind the scenes Edit Portrayal and creation Edit Concept art of Darth Vaders helmet Darth Vaders armor, worn by David Prowse and Bob Anderson in the original trilogy 32 and by Hayden Christensen in Star Wars . Episode III Revenge of the Sith . 54 was designed by Ralph McQuarrie. who was instructed by George Lucas to sketch a tall and imposing figure, wearing an exotic-looking black armor. 17 Originally, Vaders costume had no helmet8212Lucas had visioned that, instead of proper headgear, Vaders face would be covered by a black silk scarf. 17 However, McQuarrie added a distinctive skull-like helmet for the character when he read the script of Star Wars . Episode IV A New Hope and he became aware of the fact that Vader would have to cross through the cold vacuum of space in order to board the captured Tantive IV at the start of the film. 55 The reasons for Vader wearing the armor, of course, would end up becoming far more complicated. 32 Many of the original parts of Vaders costume were obtained from a costumer called Bermans amp Nathans. Vader was mocked up from a World War II German Stahlhelm helmet and gas mask, a monks cloak, a leather undersuit, and a metal breastplate. The suit was constructed by costume designer John Mollo. 17 and it was finished in eleven weeks. 56 For Revenge of the Sith . Costume Props Supervisor Ivo Coveney crafted a new set of armor that served a dual purpose. Not only was it designed to fit Christensen, but it provided an opportunity for the department to correct many of the flaws inherent in the original costume, such as the asymmetry of the mask. 57 The design of Darth Vaders armor was influenced by the costume worn by The Lightning, a villain in the television series The Fighting Devil Dogs . and the Japanese Samurai masks, but the possible similarities between Vaders armor and the suit worn by Marvel Comics supervillain Doctor Doom have been noted as well. 58 Vaders iconic breathing noise was created by Ben Burtt breathing through a scuba mask, with a small mic in the scuba regulator. 59 He had originally recorded many different variations of the breathing noise, from raspy and asthmatic to cold and mechanical. While the more mechanized version was chosen, the more raspy noises were used in Return of the Jedi after Vader was fatally injured by Sidiouss Force lightning, 60 and shortly beforehand when Luke cut off his right arm. Originally, Vader was to sound like a walking emergency room, with him clicking and beeping whenever he was on-scene. However, this proved to be too distracting, and it was cut down to just his breathing. 59 The suit in canon Edit Vaders chest panels One of the changes in the canonicity regarding the suit was that, by 4 ABY. Vaders left shoulder was completely artificial, 5 and in 3 ABY, after encountering Luke on Bespin, he had remarked that his right shoulder had healed well. Since a bionic shoulder could not heal, Vaders right shoulder must still have consisted of his original flesh, 28 though earlier on Mimban, Vaders right arm was removed from the shoulder. 61 However, whether this healing Vader spoke of was literal, sarcastic, or metaphorical is not known. 28 Another change was that, for Vaders costume in Episode III, the costume, being completely new, was altered from the original design, though only slightly, to give it a newly machined, freshly created appearance. Several small changes to the neck length and shoulder couplings were intended to give Vaders movements a more mechanical look. 56 One more change over canon is that the chest panel of Darth Vaders attire changed slightly from III to IV, 18 24 and from IV to V and VI. 32 5 The canonical reason for this has not been put forth. Also, the control panel from V and VI bore Hebrew lettering that can be translated as His deeds will not be forgiven, until he merits. 62 The suit has been referenced several times in the Expanded Universe. an example being in the Star Wars: Legacy comics, Cade Skywalker is seen to wear a pair of trousers very similar to Vaders as a part of his outfit. 63 As well, in Star Wars: Union . while Mara was trying on wedding dresses, one of the dresses resembled Vaders armor. Leia told the designer the reason Mara turned it down was because The bride doesnt want to dress like the father of the groom. 64 Anakin Skywalkers white armor The plotline of Dark Empire was originally written that the Empire would have an imposter wear Darth Vaders armor, or at the very least a replica of it, in order to get far-flung worlds fearful enough to submit to obedience, but it was vetoed and shot down by George Lucas. 65 On October 1, 2011, a guidebook was released that expanded on the construction and functions of Darth Vader s armor. According to author Daniel Wallaces blog 5 things you didnt know about Darth Vader, they based some elements on Darth Vaders armor (eg, one of the ten layers of his armor) on NASA astronaut suits, which they had studied before writing the book. Non-canon Edit In Star Wars Infinities: The Empire Strikes Back . during a vision while fighting Yoda. Vaders armor reverts back to one of Ralph McQuarries original designs, but is shortly thereafter destroyed by the spirits of Obi-Wan Kenobi, Mace Windu and Qui-Gon Jinn. Appearances Edit
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